Energy harvesting from vibration with cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectrets

Zhang, Xiaoqing; Wu, Li‐Ming; Sessler, G. M.

doi:10.1063/1.4928039

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The advent of cellular piezoelectret generators (CPGs), which have been reported to possess the advantages of a simple structure, flexibility, light weight, low‐cost fabrication, and high output, may offer a strategy for addressing these issues. To date, cellular piezoelectret have enabled many advances in the construction of biological‐signal‐detecting sensors, vibration energy harvesters, MEMS transducers, etc. However, theoretical studies of piezoelectret materials have been predominantly focused on their static properties, such as the static charge distribution and the quasi‐piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study of Cellular Piezoelectret Generators

Zhong

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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possess the advantages of a simple structure, fl exibility, light weight, low-cost fabrication, and high output, may offer a strategy for addressing these issues. To date, cellular piezoelectret have enabled many advances in the construction of biological-signal-detecting sensors, [ 31 ] vibration energy harvesters, [32][33][34] MEMS transducers, [ 35,36 ] etc. However, theoretical studies of piezoelectret materials have been predominantly focused on their static properties, such as the static charge distribution and the quasi-piezoelectric coeffi cient ( d 33 ). [37][38][39] Little progress has been reported regarding a complete theoretical understanding of the dynamic working mechanism or of how the output performance is affected by the physical characteristics of the device. Moreover, the quasi-static analyses of CPGs subjected to compressive elastic deformation during operation are not suffi cient. To address these shortcomings, a systematic theoretical study should be performed to reveal the dynamic working mechanism of CPGs to simultaneously investigate and enhance their output performance.In this study here, a simplifi ed ideal physical model of a CPG was fi rst established. Based on this model, the working mechanism was elucidated and the outputs were derived. The factors infl uencing the output performance, primarily the electret material properties, device structure, polarization process, stimulus mode, and external load, were systematically studied, and the calculated outputs under cosine motion were compared with experimental data to verify the model's correctness. As a result, it was found that a thin and high-duty-cycle structure, a large relative permittivity, a high polarization, a matched external load and strong stimulation are benefi cial for enhancing the output of a CPG. The theoretical study presented here, with a primary focus on the enhancement of the dynamic output, will provide valuable guidance for the further study and design of desirable CPGs. Fundamentals and Working Properties of CPGsThe equivalent structure of a CPG resembles a circuit incorporating fi xed capacitors and variable capacitors in an alternating series. The basic working principle of CPGs can therefore be interpreted in terms of the combination of the electrostatic induction effect and the fl at capacitance principle. A cellular electret that contains abundant bubbles is the core material forming a CPG prototype. These bubbles, which endow the device with its unique compressible structure that is distinctly The cellular piezoelectret generator (CPG) has drawn considerable attention as an emerging fl exible energy harvester because of its advantages of a simple structure, easy assembly, a low cost, and eco-friendliness. To facilitate practical applications, an initial theoretical study of CPGs is presented in this work, in which the output characteristics of CPGs can be optimized through an appropriate choice of parameters, including the electret dielectric permittivity, device structure, polarization process, and exter...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study of Cellular Piezoelectret Generators

Zhong

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…As the piezoelectric behavior is related to the ability of materials to convert electric or magnetic fields into a mechanical displacement and vice versa, there is a direct relation between the stress and the polarization density of the bulk material . Piezoelectricity in ferroelectret materials results from positive and negative electrical charges created on the opposite faces of each cell surface during a charging process, such as corona charging . This piezoelectric effect was first introduced by Pierre and Jacque Curie in 1880, and then developed based on cellular polymer films .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer ferroelectret based on polypropylene foam: Piezoelectric properties improvement using post‐processing thermomechanical treatment

Mohebbi

Mighri

Ajji

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the effect of post-processing parameters (time, temperature, and pressure) on the morphology as well as mechanical and piezoelectric properties of foamed polypropylene (PP) films were studied. Two different post-processing methods, based on the saturation of a foamed film with supercritical nitrogen (N 2 ), were used to obtain an optimized eye-like cellular structure with a high cell aspect ratio (AR). The results showed that, when the PP-foamed films were exposed to a gradual temperature and pressure increase, an appropriate cellular structure with high AR value (about 6.6) was obtained. This structure led to a high quasistatic piezoelectric d 33 coefficient of 800 pC/N (45% higher than for untreated ones) indicating the importance of the post-processing treatment on the piezoelectric behavior of these films. On the other hand, when the treatment was performed in steps, cell morphology changed from an eye-like to a less elongated shape, resulting in lower d 33 values. The tensile characterization showed that higher cell aspect ratio led to lower Young's modulus, which is suitable to achieve higher piezoelectric properties. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used as a simple method to correlate mechanical and piezoelectric properties of cellular PP. This was done via the ratio of the storage moduli in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which is directly related to film anisotropy (AR value) and thus to the piezoelectric behavior.

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“…The formation of PP films involves a process in which biaxial stretching results in lens-like voids in the material due to initially compound small particles such as minerals (which act as nuclei for void creation) prior to corona discharging [12,13]. There has been growing interest [11,[14][15][16] in the use of PP films for energy harvesting as an alternative to PVDF [8][9][10] and other soft materials such as dielectric elastomers [17,18] and ionic polymer-metal composites [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure of merit comparison of PP-based electret and PVDF-based piezoelectric polymer energy harvesters

et al. 2016

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The harvesting of mechanical strain and kinetic energy has received great attention over the past two decades in order to power wireless electronic components such as those used in passive and active monitoring applications. Piezoelectric ceramics, such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate), constitute the most commonly used electromechanical interface in vibration energy harvesters. However, there are applications in which piezoelectric ceramics cannot be used due to their low allowable curvature and brittle nature. Soft polymer PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) is arguably the most popular non-ceramic soft piezoelectric energy harvester material for such scenarios. Another type of polymer that has received less attention is PP (polypropylene) for electret-based energy harvesting using the thickness mode (33-mode). This work presents figure of merit comparison of PP versus PVDF for off-resonant energy harvesting in thickness mode operation, revealing substantial advantage of PP over PVDF. For thicknessmode energy harvesting scenarios (e.g. dynamic compression) at reasonable ambient vibration frequencies, the figure of merit for the maximum power output is proportional to the square of the effective piezoelectric strain constant divided by the effective permittivity constant. Under optimal conditions and for the same volume, it is shown that PP can generate more than two orders of magnitude larger electrical power as compared to PVDF due to the larger effective piezoelectric strain constant and lower permittivity of the former.

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Energy harvesting from vibration with cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectrets

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Theoretical Study of Cellular Piezoelectret Generators

Theoretical Study of Cellular Piezoelectret Generators

Polymer ferroelectret based on polypropylene foam: Piezoelectric properties improvement using post‐processing thermomechanical treatment

Figure of merit comparison of PP-based electret and PVDF-based piezoelectric polymer energy harvesters

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