Energy homeostasis and running wheel activity during pregnancy in the mouse

Ladyman, Sharon R; Carter, K.M.; Grattan, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.002

Cited by 31 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1). Experimental data obtained with the C57BL/6 J mice were adapted from Ladyman et al (30) . Data obtained for the first 18 days of pregnancy included the body weight, daily food intake, average RER, daily running wheel distance, ambulation and non-ambulatory movement distances.…”

Section: Data and System Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was 19•3 g, as estimated from the fitted empirical model (data are presented in the online Supplementary material). The 'total maternal body weight gain' was 3•7 g at the end of the pregnancy (30) and assumed to be stored in the adipose tissue (m 1 ). The percentage ratio of the total maternal body weight gain:total weight gain was calculated as 19 % and used to predict the daily maternal body weight gain (m 1 ), which was assumed to be occurring in the adipose tissue (subsystem 1), as given in online Supplementary Table S1.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the model, after excluding the percentage of the weight gain referred to as the 'total maternal body weight gain', the remaining 81 % of the body weight increment was associated with the daily weight increase of the fetal-placental unit (m 2 ) including those of the offspring (m 2,1 ), placenta (m 2,2 ) and amniotic fluid (m 2,3 ). Energetic value (26 384 J/g), weight (0•6 g) and the energy (16 754 J) of the placenta were adapted from the experimental data presented by Myrcha et al (37) ; the total weight of the placenta plus that of the amniotic fluid was reported in the same study as 1•6 g. The average litter weight was 5•6 g (30) , and its energetic value was 4•0 kJ/g (37) . These data were used in the current study to estimate m 2 , m 2,1 , m 2,2 and m 2,3 .…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass and energy flow around subsystem 3. The daily food intake data, collected from a control group of pregnant C57BL/6 J mice fed with standard rodent chow diet and water ad libitum, were adapted from Ladyman et al (30) . It was assumed that the nutrients ended up in the faeces left the system boundaries without entering metabolism; therefore, their chemical energies or exergies were not used in any balance.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RER (the ratio of the volume or mole of CO 2 produced:the volume of O 2 used) was employed like an efficiency factor of the oxidation process (38) to determine the proportion of the carbohydrates utilised in metabolism. Ladyman et al (30) reported the average daily RER values at 2nd-3rd, 4th-6th, 7th-9th, 10th-12th, 13th-15th and 15th-18th days of pregnancy as 0 In order to calculate 'energy allocation 5' given in Fig. 1, numerical values for daily external (muscular) work performance (W ext ) and the corresponding heat generation (Q ext ) were needed.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy

2020

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Thermodynamic analyses are performed to quantify allocation of the nutritional energy and exergy to most of the life processes by pregnant mice. In these analyses, ‘internal work performance’ is calculated for the first time in the literature for metabolism during pregnancy and found substantially higher than the ‘external work performance’. Variation of the daily entropy generation rates and the daily internal work performance rates during the course of pregnancy showed a highly similar phasic behaviour. With the progression of the pregnancy, external work performance decreased and second law efficiency increased significantly. On the 13th day of pregnancy, net energy extracted from the food at the cellular energy metabolism subsystem was 15·0 kJ; approximately 3 kJ of it was employed for daily internal work performance, 0·8 kJ was allocated to daily external work performance and 0·8 kJ was stored in the adipose tissue without entering into the cellular energy metabolism subsystem. Heat generation in association with internal and external work performance was 9·1 and 2·2 kJ, respectively. Energy, pertinent to the first law, and exergy (useful energy), pertinent to the second law, balances are described graphically, and comparison of these plots showed that the total exergy of the nutrients allocated to internal and external work performance and heat generation is substantially smaller in magnitude when compared with those of energy balance.

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Section: Data and System Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy

2020

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Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms

Clarke

Gatford

Young

et al. 2021

Obesity

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A sufficient and balanced maternal diet is critical to meet the nutritional demands of the developing fetus and to facilitate deposition of fat reserves for lactation. Multiple adaptations occur to meet these energy requirements, including reductions in energy expenditure and increases in maternal food intake. The central nervous system plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis and responds to multiple metabolic and nutrient cues, including those arising from the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the nutrient requirements of pregnancy and the impact of over‐ and undernutrition on the risk of pregnancy complications and adult disease in progeny. The central and peripheral regulation of food intake is then discussed, with particular emphasis on the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and the mechanisms that drive these changes, including the possible role of the pregnancy‐associated hormones progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and growth hormone. We identify the need for deeper mechanistic understanding of maternal adaptations, in particular, changes in gut–brain axis satiety signaling. Improved understanding of food intake regulation during pregnancy will provide a basis to inform strategies that prevent maternal under‐ or overnutrition, improve fetal health, and reduce the long‐term health and economic burden for mothers and offspring.

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Adaptations of the Maternal Brain to Meet the Increased Energy Demands of Pregnancy and Lactation

Ladyman,

Woodside

2024

Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology

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Energy homeostasis and running wheel activity during pregnancy in the mouse

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy

Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy

Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms

Adaptations of the Maternal Brain to Meet the Increased Energy Demands of Pregnancy and Lactation

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