Energy optimisation of existing SWRO (seawater reverse osmosis) plants with ERT (energy recovery turbines): Technical and thermoeconomic assessment

Peñate, Baltasar; Garcı́a-Rodrı́guez, Lourdes

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.09.056

Cited by 112 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The small-scale database contained SEC data of desalination processes reported in peer-reviewed literature published since 2000 [16,[19][20][21][22]27,35,36,41,42,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61], including information for the raw water flow rate q rw (m 3 /day), product water flow rate q pw (m 3 /day), recovery R (unitless), year YR, raw water TDS c rw (mg/L), product water TDS c pw (mg/L), operating (feed) pressure P (bar), energy recovery ER (binary variable, unitless), and temperature T ( • C). These desalination factors, summarized in Table 2, represented the explanatory variables in our multiple linear regression model for small-scale desalination facilities, referred to here as the small-scale model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery was included as "inverse recovery" in the models as 1 1−R since SEC is proportional to this value [40,47]. The use of energy recovery systems was included as a binary variable with 0 indicating no energy recovery technology and 1 indicating the use of at least one energy recovery device, since the amount of energy savings is not often reported and different energy recovery technologies save similar percentages of operational energy [42]. For literature data where no raw water TDS values were reported, we assumed values of 35,000 mg/L for seawater and 10,000 mg/L for brackish water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, use of energy recovery technologies can substantially reduce the SEC of membrane-based desalination; however, the capital costs of such systems can be prohibitively expensive for small-scale SWRO (<100 m 3 /day capacity) [41]. In SWRO applications, Pelton turbines (typical energy savings of 35% to 42% compared to a baseline without energy recovery equipment) for energy recovery are generally applicable for ≤5000 m 3 /day capacity, while isobaric energy recovery devices (typical energy savings of 55% to 60%) are suited for >5000 m 3 /day [42]. Approaches to reduce SEC include use of high permeability membranes [43], use of energy recovery devices, intermediate chemical demineralization, use of renewable energy, and optimal process configuration [44].…”

Section: Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the Specific Energy Consumption of Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Stillwell

Webber

2016

Water

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Desalination is often considered an approach for mitigating water stress. Despite the abundance of saline water worldwide, additional energy consumption and increased costs present barriers to widespread deployment of desalination as a municipal water supply. Specific energy consumption (SEC) is a common measure of the energy use in desalination processes, and depends on many operational and water quality factors. We completed multiple linear regression and relative importance statistical analyses of factors affecting SEC using both small-scale meta-data and municipal-scale empirical data to predict the energy consumption of desalination. Statistically significant results show water quality and initial year of operations to be significant and important factors in estimating SEC, explaining over 80% of the variation in SEC. More recent initial year of operations, lower salinity raw water, and higher salinity product water accurately predict lower values of SEC. Economic analysis revealed a weak statistical relationship between SEC and cost of water production. Analysis of associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions revealed important considerations of both electricity source and SEC in estimating the GHG-related sustainability of desalination. Results of our statistical analyses can aid decision-makers by predicting the SEC of desalination to a reasonable degree of accuracy with limited data.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting the Specific Energy Consumption of Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Stillwell

Webber

2016

Water

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“…Compared to previous ERDs, such as Francis turbine, the efficiency of Pelton Wheel remains constantly high even during variations in the pressure and flow of feed, which is about 80 -85% [47]. The hydraulic turbocharger is of the centrifugal type and has been in use since 1990s [48]. It consists of a HT and a HP.…”

Section: Influence Of Process Components Efficiencies On the Performamentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of membrane properties and process characteristics of a scaled-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process

Wang

Mujtaba

et al. 2016

Desalination

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E-mail: w.he@qmul.ac.uk, yang.wang@qmul.ac.uk, I.M.Mujtaba@Bradford.ac.uk, m.h.shaheed@qmul.ac.uk Abstract:This work presents a systematic evaluation of the membrane and process characteristics of a scaledup pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). In order to meet pre-defined membrane economic viability ( ≥ 5 W/m 2 ), different operating conditions and design parameters are studied with respect to the increase of the process scale, including the initial flow rates of the draw and feed solution, operating pressure, membrane permeability-selectivity, structural parameter, and the efficiency of the highpressure pump (HP), energy recovery device (ERD) and hydro-turbine (HT). The numerical results indicate that the performance of the scaled-up PRO process is significantly dependent on the dimensionless flow rate. Furthermore, with the increase of the specific membrane scale, the accumulated solute leakage becomes important. The membrane to achieve the optimal performance moves to the low permeability in order to mitigate the reverse solute permeation. Additionally, the counter-current flow scheme is capable to increase the process performance with a higher permeable and less selectable membrane compared to the co-current flow scheme. Finally, the inefficiencies of the process components move the optimal APD occurring at a higher dimensionless flow rate to reduce the energy losses in the pressurization and at a higher specific membrane scale to increase energy generation.

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“…Kesieme et al (2013) compared the economics of different seawater desalination processes in Australia in the context of available waste heat and materials costs, concluding that membrane desalination was the most cost effective option due to the lower cost materials, even with the presence of a carbon tax. Additionally, many studies have investigated the concepts for novel desalination plant and process configurations, including energy recovery and integration with dedicated renewable energy resources for reducing fossil fuel energy consumption and related emissions (Ong et al, 2012;Shaffer et al, 2012;Wang and Chung, 2012;Yılmaz and Söylemez, 2012;Al-Zahrani et al, 2012;Peñate and García-Rodríguez, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating options for Balancing the Water-Electricity Nexus in California: Part 1 – Securing Water Availability

Tarroja

AghaKouchak

Sobhani

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• Part I presents a spatially and temporally resolved model of California's surface reservoirs.• Part II presents GHG emissions and grid renewable penetration for water availability options.• In particular, the energy signature of water supply infrastructure is delineated.• Different pathways for securing California's water supply are developed quantitatively.• Under baseline conditions, portfolios capable of securing surface reservoir levels emerge.• Under climate change conditions, the water supply must be carefully selected to allay emissions. A study was conducted to compare the technical potential and effectiveness of different water supply options for securing water availability in a large-scale, interconnected water supply system under historical and climatechange augmented inflow and demand conditions. Part 2 of the study focused on determining the greenhouse gas and renewable energy utilization impacts of different pathways to stabilize major surface reservoir levels. Using a detailed electric grid model and taking into account impacts on the operation of the water supply infrastructure, the greenhouse gas emissions and effect on overall grid renewable penetration level was calculated for each water supply option portfolio that successfully secured water availability from Part 1. The effects on the energy signature of water supply infrastructure were found to be just as important as that of the fundamental processes for each option. Under historical (baseline) conditions, many option portfolios were capable of securing surface reservoir levels with a net neutral or negative effect on emissions and a benefit for renewable energy utilization. Under climate change augmented conditions, however, careful selection of the water supply option portfolio was required to prevent imposing major emissions increases for the system. Overall, this analysis provided quantitative insight into the tradeoffs associated with choosing different pathways for securing California's water supply. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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Energy optimisation of existing SWRO (seawater reverse osmosis) plants with ERT (energy recovery turbines): Technical and thermoeconomic assessment

Cited by 112 publications

References 12 publications

Predicting the Specific Energy Consumption of Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Predicting the Specific Energy Consumption of Reverse Osmosis Desalination

An evaluation of membrane properties and process characteristics of a scaled-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process

Evaluating options for Balancing the Water-Electricity Nexus in California: Part 1 – Securing Water Availability

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