Energy Reserve Compensating for Trade-Off Between Metabolic Resistance and Life History Traits in the Brown Planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

Development of insecticide resistance often changes life history traits of insect pests, because metabolic detoxification of insecticides in insect bodies requires huge energetic reserves. The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), an important insect pest of rice crop in East and Southeast Asia, has developed strong resistance to imidacloprid from mid-2000s. The aim of this study was to examine the costs of life history traits and reveal changes in energy reserves with developing imidacloprid resistance. We compared the life history traits (survival time, fecundity, developmental time, and hatchability) and total lipid content between imidacloprid-resistant and imidacloprid-susceptible (control) brown planthopper strains. As compared to the control strains, adults’ survival time of the resistant females was shorter, and their fecundity was lower; the other life history traits did not differ significantly between the resistant and control strains. As the results, net reproductive rates (R0) were lower in the resistant strains than in the susceptible strains. However, the amount of stored lipids was larger in resistant females than control ones. Our findings demonstrated a physiological trade-off between the development of imidacloprid resistance and the reproductive traits of brown planthopper. The imidacloprid-resistant strains are likely to store lipids for metabolic detoxification rather than consume them for reproduction.

Genome‐wide assessment and development of molecular diagnostic methods for imidacloprid‐resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera; Delphacidae)

“…Imidacloprid‐resistant strains were collected in 2009 (VN09‐1 and VN09‐3) and 2010 (VN10‐1) in Vietnam and 2014 in the Kumamoto prefecture, Japan (KR‐14). VN09‐3_F 24 was the most resistant laboratory‐selected strain established from VN09‐3 with exposure to imidacloprid for 24 generations 20–22 . Izumo‐87♀ x VN09‐1♂_F 1 (IxV‐F 1 ) and Izumo‐87♂ x VN09‐1♀_F 1 (VxI‐F 1 ) were F 1 s of the VN09‐1 and Izumo‐87 strains.…”

“…VN09-3_F 24 was the most resistant laboratory-selected strain established from VN09-3 with exposure to imidacloprid for 24 generations. [20][21][22] Izumo-87♀ x VN09-1♂_F 1 (IxV-F 1 ) and Izumo-87♂ x VN09-1♀_F 1 (VxI-F 1 ) were F 1 s of the VN09-1 and Izumo-87 strains. All insects were reared on rice seedlings in a glass bottle (6.5 cm diameter, 18 cm height) covered with a cloth mesh at 26°C under a long-day photoperiod (16L:8D) without exposure to insecticides.…”

Sex‐dependent body mass and respiratory responses on Euschistus heros individuals resistant to imidacloprid

“…For instance, male insects are usually smaller and play different adaptive roles than females (Field et al, 2015;Stillwell et al, 2010). Thus, it is reasonable to expect that sex-dependent physiological responses would shape the adaptive success of insects facing insecticidal challenges (Andreazza et al, 2020;Cremonez et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2019;Fujii et al, 2020;Haddi et al, 2016Haddi et al, , 2017. Here, although the continuous selection for PBO-synergized imidacloprid resistance led to providing both E. heros males and females with increased respiratory activities, previous investigations have shown that only E. heros males exhibited reduced respiratory activities when sublethally exposed to imidacloprid (Haddi et al, 2016).…”

Fitness costs of resistance to insecticide pymetrozine combined with antimicrobial zhongshengmycin in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

“…Population parameters include the average generation period ( T ), intrinsic growth rate ( rm ), net reproduction rate ( R 0 ), and weekly growth rate ( λ ). The relative fitness was calculated based on the relative fitness ( R f ) = R 0 / R 0 of the control group ( Fujii et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ). The age-stage-specific survival rate ( S xj ), age-specific survival rate ( l x ), female age-specific fecundity ( f x ), age-specific fecundity ( m x ), and age-specific maternity ( l x m x ) were plotted using GraphPad Prism 9.…”