Energy-saving and environmentally-benign integrated ammonia production system

Khasani,; Prasidha, Willie; Widyatama, Arif; Aziz, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121400

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Since semiconductors offer significant advantages in manufacturing cost, material toxicity and stability compared to other situations, they show attractive promise in photocatalysis research and have long been studied and tested. So far, researchers have designed and developed various semiconductor photo(electro)catalytic materials, including metal oxides (TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , ZnO) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], metal sulfides (MoS 2 , CdS, ZnS) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], bismuth-based materials (BiOX, X = Cl, Br, I) [ 13 , 14 ], carbon-based materials (diamond, graphene, g–C 3 N 4 ) and MOFs. Some progress has been made in the design optimization of semiconductor materials and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Semiconductor-Based Nanocomposite Photo(electro)catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Zuo

2023

Molecules

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Photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation technology is a promising ammonia synthesis technology using clean solar and electric energy as the driving energy. Abundant nitrogen and water as raw materials uphold the principle of green and sustainable development. However, the generally low efficiency of the nitrogen reduction reaction has seriously restricted the application and development of this technology. The paper introduces the nitrogen reduction process and discusses the main challenges and differences in the current photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation systems. It focuses on promoting the adsorption and activation of N2 and the resolution and diffusion of NH3 generated. In recent years, reviews of the modification strategies of semiconductor materials in light of the typical cases of nitrogen fixation have been reported in the literature. Finally, the future development trend of this field is analyzed and prospected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Semiconductor-Based Nanocomposite Photo(electro)catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Zuo

2023

Molecules

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“…In this process, H 2 from the steam methane reforming reacts with N 2 in the presence of a catalyst to synthesize anhydrous ammonia under pressure higher than 20 MPa and temperature around 450 °C . The Haber-Bosch process was also employed in an integrated coal to ammonia system consisting of the coal drying process, H 2 to NH 3 chemical looping, cryogenic N 2 separation, ammonia synthesis, and power generation . Gomez et al conducted a techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) of an integrated electrochemical ammonia production system with a proton-conducting membrane, investigating the environmental feats from energy resource savings to near zero emission aspects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Sustainable Ammonia Production from Biomass

Liu,

Gu,

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work investigates a sustainable ammonia production process from life cycle and economic aspects. Coal and coal/biomass feedstocks are adopted for ammonia production. A comprehensive economic analysis is conducted by using several key evaluation indexes. Cash flows of both pure coal and coal/biomass processes have been acquired at several discounted interest rates. Various environmental impact indicators of the Eco-indicator 99 index have been utilized to evaluate the life cycle performance of the production process. The results show that this project is profitable in a short period of time. Both the economic and environmental performances are improved by adding biomass into the feedstock with a mass fraction of 5% or higher. With the addition of biomass, the payback time can be shortened. By adding 15 wt % biomass into the feedstock, the net present value can be increased by around 5.66%. Discounted interest rate is one of the key factors that influences the process economics considering the time value of cash flow. Life cycle assessment provides detailed environmental analysis results from a life cycle point of view. The construction and recycling stages are important for alleviating environmental effects. Human health damage is the most significant category; hence, measures that alleviate the damage to human health have the priority. This work provides pragmatic results and an in-depth knowledge of the biomass-based green ammonia production process.

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“… 4 NH 3 removal/recovery from wastewaters has attracted great effort by many scholars, 5 , 6 but it is either not easy to extract or the recovery efficiency is extremely low. 7 , 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overdischarged NH 3 entering water bodies results in environmental issues such as dissolved oxygen reduction, corrosion, disinfection inefficiencies, and toxicity to aquatic creatures. , Nevertheless, NH 3 is rich in H (17.60 wt % H) and has 5.2 kWh kg –1 energy intensity, 40% higher than that of methanol (12.60 wt % H, 4.32 kWh kg –1 ), it is an attractive carbon-free fuel, and it has an essential role in energy storage and transportation . NH 3 removal/recovery from wastewaters has attracted great effort by many scholars, , but it is either not easy to extract or the recovery efficiency is extremely low. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater as a Fuel: Effects of Supporting Electrolyte on Ammonium Permeation through a Cation-Exchange Membrane

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Electrodeionization (EDI) is used to recover ammonia from wastewater as a fuel, but how its performance for ammonia recovery is affected by the supporting electrolyte is not very clear. This study involved experimental tests and theoretical calculations on NH 3 recovery, NH 4 + permeation, and NH 4 + and Na + interacting with the functional groups in a cation exchange membrane (CEM) using Na 2 SO 4 as the supporting electrolyte. The results demonstrated that a low concentration (≤0.250 mol L –1 of Na 2 SO 4 ) was conducive to NH 4 + permeation, while the a concentration (0.750 mol L –1 of Na 2 SO 4 ) hindered NH 4 + permeation. A maximum recovery efficiency of ammonia of 80.00%, a current efficiency of 70.10%, and an energy balance ratio of 0.66 were obtained at 0.250 mol L –1 of Na 2 SO 4 . Numerical results indicated that an increase in Na 2 SO 4 concentration caused severe concentration polarization that resisted NH 4 + migration in the CEM. The DFT results demonstrated that competitive adsorption of Na + to the CEM hindered NH 4 + migration. The weaker interacting force between NH 4 + and the sulfonate functional group (−SOH 3 ) in comparison to that between Na + and −SOH 3 might be related to the geometric and orientation effects, which generated an additional energy barrier for NH 4 + transport. Therefore, this study suggests that the supporting electrolyte concentration should be matched with that of the desalted ions.

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Energy-saving and environmentally-benign integrated ammonia production system

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Advances in Semiconductor-Based Nanocomposite Photo(electro)catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Advances in Semiconductor-Based Nanocomposite Photo(electro)catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Sustainable Ammonia Production from Biomass

Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater as a Fuel: Effects of Supporting Electrolyte on Ammonium Permeation through a Cation-Exchange Membrane

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