Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

Eshetu, Gebrekidan Gebresilassie; Armand, Michel; Scrosati, B.; Passerini, Stefano

doi:10.1002/anie.201405910

Cited by 242 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Owing to the distinctive physicochemical properties of ILs (wide liquidus range, high redox and thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and tunable polarity) and their advantages over organic solvents, classic melts, or solid state reactions, their applications include separation techniques [7,8,9], lubrication [10], electrodeposition [11], acting as electrolytes in photovoltaic devices (e.g., solar cells) [12,13,14], catalysis for clean technology [15,16,17,18], polymerization processes [19], crystal engineering of a wide range of inorganic substances [20,21,22,23,24,25], and syntheses of new inorganic materials in general [23,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]. Recently, several comprehensive reviews on syntheses of inorganic compounds in ILs have been published by Taubert [52], Feldmann [28], Dehnen [51], Janiak [42,53], Scrosati and Passerini [48], Morris [54], Mudring [55], Prechtl [56], Zhu [57], Dai [58], and Ruck [23,27,59] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

Groh

Wolff

Grasser

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be valuable reaction media for the synthesis of inorganic materials among an abundance of other applications in different fields of chemistry. Up to now, the syntheses have remained mostly “black boxes”; and researchers have to resort to trial-and-error in order to establish a new synthetic route to a specific compound. This review comprises decisive reaction parameters and techniques for the directed synthesis of polyions of heavy main-group elements (fourth period and beyond) in ILs. Several families of compounds are presented ranging from polyhalides over carbonyl complexes and selenidostannates to homo and heteropolycations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several comprehensive reviews on syntheses of inorganic compounds in ILs have been published by Taubert [52], Feldmann [28], Dehnen [51], Janiak [42,53], Scrosati and Passerini [48], Morris [54], Mudring [55], Prechtl [56], Zhu [57], Dai [58], and Ruck [23,27,59] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

Groh

Wolff

Grasser

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…The peaks shown in Figure 2b can be perfectly indexed to the orthorhombic structure LiMnPO 4 with a Pnmb space group (PDF# 74-0375), indicating that LiMnPO 4 can be obtained by heating the yellowish-brown precursor suspension at 130 °C for 4 h in DES. The reaction temperature and time used for DES synthesis are much lower than those used in the hydrothermal/solvothermal [27,37,38,39,62] and ionothermal processes [63,64]. The strong and sharp diffraction peaks in Figure 2b demonstrate that both the LiMnPO 4 and LiMnPO 4 /C samples were well crystallized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvent Synthesis of LiMnPO4/C Nanorods as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Huang

et al. 2017

Materials

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Olivine-type LiMnPO4/C nanorods were successfully synthesized in a chloride/ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) at 130 °C for 4 h under atmospheric pressure. As-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical tests. The prepared LiMnPO4/C nanorods were coated with a thin carbon layer (approximately 3 nm thick) on the surface and had a length of 100–150 nm and a diameter of 40–55 nm. The prepared rod-like LiMnPO4/C delivered a discharge capacity of 128 mAh·g−1 with a capacity retention ratio of approximately 93% after 100 cycles at 1 C. Even at 5 C, it still had a discharge capacity of 106 mAh·g−1, thus exhibiting good rate performance and cycle stability. These results demonstrate that the chloride/ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) can act as a new crystal-face inhibitor to adjust the oriented growth and morphology of LiMnPO4. Furthermore, deep eutectic solvents provide a new approach in which to control the size and morphology of the particles, which has a wide application in the synthesis of electrode materials with special morphology.

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“…However, this method is not always feasible in practice. Ionic Liquids.-The relevance of ionic liquids (ILs) as improved electrolyte media in lithium batteries has been exhaustively discussed in previous reviews 39,40 to which the reader is referred for more detailed information. Here we recall that ILs have unique thermal and transport properties, combined with a great versatility in design, that make them materials of particular importance in the LIB technology, especially in view of addressing the safety issue.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Lithium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Advances in Anode and Electrolyte Materials for the Progress of Lithium-Ion and beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hassoun

Scrosati

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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108

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This review attempts to critically discuss the progresses obtained in renewing the chemistry of lithium-ion and beyond lithium-ion batteries. The attention is focused on anode materials, including tin and silicon, graphene and conversion anodes, as well as on electrolytes, comprising polymers, solids, gels and ionic liquids. The paper shows that, although considerable progresses have been achieved in the latest few years, the development of the ideal lithium battery, having high energy density combined with low cost and total safety control, is still to be obtained.The continuous increase of green-house gas level in the atmosphere, due to pollution derived from burning fossil fuels, has determined the necessity of exploring renewable and environmentally compatible alternative energy sources, such as photovoltaic, wind and geothermal. Storing energy and delivering it is of paramount importance to sustain the development of the green sources. Electrochemical batteries are ideal systems to meet this demand and, among them, Liion batteries (LIBs), due to their high energy density and long cycling life, 1,2 appear to be the best choice. In addition to storage applications, LIBs are receiving an increasing attention also as power sources for low-emission hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and emission-free electric vehicles (BEVs). 3 However, although commercially established products, LIBs are not yet adequate for meeting the requests of the energy storage and of the electric vehicle markets. Considerable improvement in safety, cost and energy density is needed to reach the goal, which can only be met by renewing the LIB chemistry involving all the three components, namely, anode, cathode and electrolyte. In this paper, we attempt to critically review the progresses obtained along this line. Considering the several excellent reviews describing the new developments at the cathode side, 4 we have mainly focused the attention on the anode and electrolyte materials, since their full understanding and proper development are presently the tasks of many academic and industrial laboratories. AnodesTin and silicon.-One of the most promising approaches to develop improved anodes for next generation LIBs considers the use of materials offering values of specific capacity higher than that of conventional graphite. Among these, lithium-metal alloys, such lithiumtin or lithium-silicon, 1 have attracted considerable interest due to the potential high capacity that may theoretically reach values orders of magnitude higher than that of graphite. One of the major issues of these lithium-metal alloys, which has in fact so far hindered their commercialization, is the large volume strain occurring upon charge and discharge. 1,2 A common strategy for addressing this issue exploits suitable nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanotubes, hollow particles, and, particularly, carbon-based, Sn-C 5 and Si-C nanocomposites. 6,7 Indeed, nanostructures can provide a specific buffering action that may ensure the containment of the volume stresses and, a...

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Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

Cited by 242 publications

References 110 publications

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

Deep Eutectic Solvent Synthesis of LiMnPO4/C Nanorods as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Review—Advances in Anode and Electrolyte Materials for the Progress of Lithium-Ion and beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries

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