Energy-storage pulsed-power capacitor technology

Laghari, J.R.; Sarjeant, W.J.

doi:10.1109/63.124597

Cited by 60 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ceramics generally have a high dielectric constant, K, (∼4000), but possess low breakdown strength (∼100 kV/cm) [4]. Polymers on the other hand have high breakdown strength (∼4000 kV/cm) but a poor dielectric constant (∼3) [5]. Since the energy density is related to the product of breakdown strength squared and dielectric constant, the performance of ceramics can be improved by increasing the breakdown strength and polymers can be improved by increasing K through filler additions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors

et al. 2007

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Barium strontium titanate glass-ceramics were successfully produced with one major crystalline phase when Al 2 O 3 was added to the melt. A dielectric constant of 1000 and a breakdown strength of 800 kV/cm was achieved; however the energy density was only measured to be 0.3-0.9 J/cm 3 . These energy density values were lower than anticipated due to the presence of dendrites and pores in the microstructure. Using BaF 2 as a refining agent improved the microstructure and doubled the energy density for BST 80/20 samples. However, no refining agent reduced the increasing amount of hysteresis that developed with increasing applied electric field. This phenomenon is believed to be due to interfacial polarization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors

et al. 2007

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“…Therefore, the critical breakdown strength of electromechanical breakdown is (Laghari & Sarjeant, 1992;Stark & Garton, 1955) The electromechanical breakdown model is rather unrealistic as it assumed that the dielectric material somehow disappeared to an infinitesimal thickness at em UU  . Therefore, it may ignore several factors, such as possible earlier instability at microscopic areas of stress concentration, the dependence of Y on time and stress and plastic flow.…”

Section: Electromechanical Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 (Naidu & Kamaraju, 1995;Pai & Zhang, 1995). The various mechanisms are intrinsic breakdown (Callen, 1949;Hippel & Alger, 1949;O'Dwyer, 1964;Seeger & Teller, 1939;Seitz, 1948;Whitehead, 1951), electromechanical breakdown (Laghari & Sarjeant, 1992;Stark & Garton, 1955), breakdown due to treeing and tracking, thermal breakdown, electrochemical breakdown (Sawa, 1986). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Breakdown Model for Super-Thin Polyester Foil

Wang¹,

Zheng-zhong²

2012

Polyester

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“…[11,12] Hence ceramics nanofillers, such as TiO 2 , [13] BaTiO 3 , [14] and Ba x Sr 1−x TiO 3 , [15] are introduced into the polymer matrix to form polymer nanocomposites in order to compensate for each other's deficiencies. Since breakdown strength E B is the utmost E that can be applied to dielectric capacitors, both ε r and E B have to be enhanced simultaneously to obtain high energy density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Capacitors with Significantly Enhanced Energy Density and Breakdown Strength Utilizing a Small Loading of Monolayer Titania

Wen

Guo

Zhao

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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In principle, the energy density (U) of dielectric capacitors is determined by the applied electric field (E) and the electric displacement (D) asAnd the electric displacement (D) is associated with the polarization P and dielectric constant ε r by D = P + ε r ε 0 E. For linear dielectric capacitors, U = 1/2DE = 1/2ε r ε 0 E 2 , where ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity (ε 0 = 8.85 × 10 −12 F m −1 ). Since breakdown strength E B is the utmost E that can be applied to dielectric capacitors, both ε r and E B have to be enhanced simultaneously to obtain high energy density. Ceramics show high dielectric constant but low breakdown strength; while polymers exhibit high breakdown strength but low dielectric constant. [11,12] Hence ceramics nanofillers, such as TiO 2 , [13] BaTiO 3 , [14] and Ba x Sr 1−x TiO 3 , [15] are introduced into the polymer matrix to form polymer nanocomposites in order to compensate for each other's deficiencies. Unfortunately, previous studies have suggested that improved ε r of polymer nanocomposites is obtained merely at the expense of breakdown strength. [13] Thus, it is impracticable to effectively increase both parameters in the polymer nanocomposites.It has been widely demonstrated that interfacial polarization is the primary mechanism of polarization in polymer nanocomposites, caused by the large contrast in the dielectric constant and conductivity at the interface between the polymer matrix and fillers. [16][17][18][19] The high E B and large U of nanocomposites may be attributed to a small leakage current, low dielectric loss, and low interfacial polarization. [20] After years of intensive study, novel strategies have been proposed to resolve the seeming paradox of enhancing ε r while maintaining high E B . One method for modulating the polymer-filler interface is surface functionalization of ceramic fillers with surfactant or oligomers, [21][22][23] which can suppress filler aggregation and retard the movement of charge carriers in the surface between the polymer matrix and fillers. Perry and co-workers reported that phosphonic acid surface modifiers improve the dispersion of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles in nanocomposite films, which lead to high ε r and high E B . [24] Another universal way to alleviate the interfacial polarization between the filler and the polymer matrix is to employ core-shell structured nanofiller. [25][26][27][28] A recent study by Wang and co-workers revealed that 2D hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets and BaTiO 3 nanoparticles, used to improve E B and The dielectric capacitor with high electric energy density is demanded for modern electronic and electrical power systems. However, their energy density is considerably limited by a low dielectric constant and low breakdown strength. Here, thin flexible polymer nanocomposites with high energy density are obtained by only adding a small loading of 2D monolayer titania along with concurrent improvements of dielectric constant and breakdown strength. This work not only first reveals that monolayer titania is an excellent filler...

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Energy-storage pulsed-power capacitor technology

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors

Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors

Electric Breakdown Model for Super-Thin Polyester Foil

Nanocomposite Capacitors with Significantly Enhanced Energy Density and Breakdown Strength Utilizing a Small Loading of Monolayer Titania

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