Energy summation indices for wheat crop in India

Background Kinnow orchards were selected in different ecological zones in districts Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Three biological replicates in block form were applied by using analysis of variance techniques to assess varying agrometeorological indices impact on fruit color‐development and peel composition. Results Fruit samples were randomly collected on each month's end starting from August up to February. Chromameter was used for measuring coloring parameters and its values a*, b*, C* and L* were increased from August till February with a rapid elevation started at color‐break stage, while hue angle (h*) rotated from 120° to 60° of portraying green to yellow shade. An increasing level of chlorophyll contents were noted in August till color‐break at the end of October and then diminished afterwards. Whereas, carotenoids increased rapidly upon yellow tinting peel of Kinnow fruits till fully attained deep orange color at the end of February. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) showed a decreasing trend whereas anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were increased from August to February, with unchanged flavonoids and flavonols level. Fruit firmness was gradually reduced till color‐break with rapid reduction noted subsequently. Maturity index represented internal ripening directly increased with color‐development. Conclusion Color development has directly influenced on maturity index and both were increased rapidly after color‐break to afterwards. More color development with rapid reduction in chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and TPC level were seen in warm districts namely TTS and Vehari after color‐break stage due to accumulating more agrometeorological indices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Photothermal index (PTI) was calculated by using given formula and expressed in°C. 40,45,46 Monthly based PTI is shown in Table 3.…”

Section: -Photothermal Index (Pti)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

et al. 2020

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“…For this reason, a thermal component is often used as the driver of crop models (Doraiswamy and Thompson, 1982). Growing degreedays (GOD) as a quantitative expression of the thermal component, a concept introduced more than two centuries ago (Wang, 1960), is used extensively because its precision as an estimator of preanthesis growth rate and growth stage is similar or superior to other systems (Sastry and Chakravarty, 1982), it satisfies practical needs, and can be derived from air temperature, a routinely measured parameter available from weather stations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Spring Wheat Grain Dry Matter Assimilation from Air Temperature¹

Bauer¹,

Frank²,

Black³

1985

Agronomy Journal

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Modelers and forecasters of crop growth and yield would benefit from a meterologically based index that precisely describes postanthesis development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Five field trials over a 3‐yr period were conducted on Williams loam (fineloamy typic Argiboroll) in which grain dry matter assimilation was measured in hard red spring wheat cultivars grown under different management practices. The measured parameters were regressed on cumulative growing degree‐days (GDD), base temperature 0 °C, and days (DAYS) after anthesis. Over the grain yield range 1488 to 3876 kg ha−1, both GDD and DAYS accounted for 93% of the variability in grain dry matter assimilation among all trials. Maximum average kernel number of 21.8 spike−1was attained when 250 GDD had been accumulated or 12 DAYS after anthesis, and maximum average kernel mass of 27.1 mg after about 770 GDD or 35 DAYS. Constantrate assimilation, from 175 to 630 GDD, was 0.049 mg GDD−1kernel−1, and between 9 and 26 DAYS it was 1.08 mg DAY−1kernel−1. With an average of 447 spikes m−2and average kernel number and mass, constant‐rate phase assimilation was 4.77 kg GDD−1ha−1or 104 kg DAY−1ha−1. Among the variable water and N regimes and cultivars, largest differences in assimilation resulted from soil water supply during heading. With < 65 mm available water, constantrate phase assimilation was as low as 0.038 mg GDD−1kernel−1and with > 84 mm as high as 0.066 mg GDD−1kernel−1. The greater constant‐rate assimilation was accompanied by a shorter grain‐filling duration. Filling duration was shorter when available N levels exceeded the amount needed for the highest grain yields than with N levels which increased yields. Cultivar differences in harvest kernel weight resulted from differences in lag phase assimilation rate.

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“…4. Hydrothermal use efficiency (HYTUE) = Fruit yield (kg ha -1 )/HYTU o C day Phenothermal index (PTI) for each phenophases was calculated as per following formula (Sastry and Chakravarty, 1982). PTI = (GDD)/No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Time Utilization of Plum in Semi Arid Region of Gangetic Plain

Singh¹

2015

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Plum prefers temperate climate thus a major crop of hills however, it has been found growing from higher hills in Srinagar to Jaipur in Rajasthan and areas around Delhi. It requires less chilling hours and can tolerate frost and high summers both, that is why it can be cultivated in both low temperatures to 0°C and up, highest up to 47°C in summers. Among the major Japanese cultivar the Kala Amritsari, Satluj Purple and Titron are planted at HAU farm in 2001 on which the present study was done during 2013-14. The overall growth was observed better in Kala Amritsari followed by Satluj purple and Titron which is a late maturing variety. The thermal time required by Kala Amritsari and Satluj Purple was at par but the Titron required more thermal indices. The heat use efficiency was observed highest for Kala Amritsari and lowest for Titron whereas the photothermal index was highest in Titron followed by Kala Amritsari and Satluj Purple. The thermal units explained the 94 per cent variation in fruit yield of Kala Amritsari, 87 per cent variation in Satluj Purple and 83 percent variation in fruit yield of Titron cultivar.

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Energy summation indices for wheat crop in India

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

Estimation of Spring Wheat Grain Dry Matter Assimilation from Air Temperature¹

Thermal Time Utilization of Plum in Semi Arid Region of Gangetic Plain

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Energy summation indices for wheat crop in India

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones

Estimation of Spring Wheat Grain Dry Matter Assimilation from Air Temperature1

Thermal Time Utilization of Plum in Semi Arid Region of Gangetic Plain

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Estimation of Spring Wheat Grain Dry Matter Assimilation from Air Temperature¹