Energy Transfer Measuring in Dynamic Probing Test in Layered Geological Strata

Žaržojus, Gintaras; Kelevišius, Kęstutis; Amšiejus, Jonas

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.164

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the same way as the energy efficiency in dynamic penetration tests depends on the stiffness of the soil, as has been demonstrated in the latest research (Look et al 2015;Matsumoto et al 2015;Žaržojus et al 2013), this T h would also be related to this stiffness.…”

Section: Energy Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…1 Relationship between energy and penetration Lukiantchuki et al 2017;Matsumoto et al 2015). However, less attention has been paid to the analysis of the dynamic probing (DP) tests (Matsumoto et al 2015;Michi et al 2004;Žaržojus et al 2013). For this reason, the derivation of the dynamic equations for the cone penetrometers (DP) are made following the line of previous analyses for SPT.…”

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much effort has been made in the past (Abou-Matar and Goble 1997; Butler et al 1998;Odebrecht et al 2005;Sancio and Bray 2005;Schmertmann and Palacios 1979;Sy and Campanella 1991) to measure the parameters (force, acceleration, displacement and energy) involved in the Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), although studies on Dynamic Probing Tests (DP) have received less attention in specialized literature (Matsumoto et al 2015;Michi et al 2004;Žaržojus et al 2013). The aim of the work presented in this paper is to reduce this gap, helping to understand the mechanism of the advance of continuous dynamic penetrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy threshold in dynamic probing

García

Sagaseta

Rincón

2022

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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In dynamic probing tests, penetration is closely related to the potential energy of the hammer (nominal energy). This energy stems from the mass and free fall of the hammer after being released from a certain height. Penetration depends on energy, although only on a portion of that nominal energy that is effectively transferred to the rods (ENTHRU) and, more precisely, the energy that reaches the cone (ENTHRUcone). ENTHRU can be measured by monitoring the upper part of the drive rods. To calculate ENTHRUcone, ENTHRU needs to be corrected in three ways. Firstly, the energy loss in the energy transmission through the rods has to be subtracted, as well as the energy loss due to the skin friction of the rods along the soil around them. It is also necessary to add the energy due to the rod weight penetrating the soil. The main hypothesis assumed and later experimentally proved in this paper is based on the fact that ENTHRUcone has to be greater than a certain value or minimum energy (energy threshold: Th) in order to be able to cause penetration. After analyzing more than one hundred blows with different hammer mass and drop height, a small but consistent Th and a linear relationship between energy and penetration beyond it were found. The energy that really produces penetration (ENPEN) will be ENTHRUcone, minus Th. This allows for improved energy corrections and correlations between results from various kinds of penetration tests.

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Section: Energy Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy threshold in dynamic probing

García

Sagaseta

Rincón

2022

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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“…[ 51 ] have proposed an energy approach to study the penetration and an energy transfer to the rod by hammer using SPT. CPT or other dynamic penetration test methods have been investigated by other researchers [ 52 – 56 ]. Among all these studies, none has ever investigated the morphological features of plant roots in the penetration tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on plant root apex morphology as a model for soft robots moving in soil

et al. 2018

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Plants use many strategies to move efficiently in soil, such as growth from the tip, tropic movements, and morphological changes. In this paper, we propose a method to translate morphological features of Zea mays roots into a new design of soft robots that will be able to move in soil. The method relies on image processing and curve fitting techniques to extract the profile of Z. mays primary root. We implemented an analytic translation of the root profile in a 3D model (CAD) to fabricate root-like probes by means of 3D printing technology. Then, we carried out a comparative analysis among the artificial root-like probe and probes with different tip shapes (cylindrical, conical, elliptical, and parabolic) and diameters (11, 9, 7, 5, and 3 mm). The results showed that the energy consumption and the penetration force of the bioinspired probe are better with respect to the other shapes for all the diameters of the developed probes. For 100 mm of penetration depth and 7 mm of probe diameter, the energy consumption of the bioinspired probe is 89% lesser with respect to the cylindrical probe and 26% lesser with respect to the conical probe. The penetration performance of the considered tip shapes was evaluated also by means of numerical simulations, obtaining a good agreement with the experimental results. Additional investigations on plant root morphology, movement strategies, and material properties can allow the development of innovative bioinspired solutions exploitable in challenging environments. This research can bring to breakthrough scenarios in different fields, such as exploration tasks, environmental monitoring, geotechnical studies, and medical applications.

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“…Using the diameter of the SPT sampler of 51 mm, a penetration rate somewhere between about 0.51 m/s and 51 m/s is obtained. For comparison, Žaržojus et al [40] reports on penetration rates of the DPSH between 4 and 7 m/s in sand and clay. The range derived from Schnaid [21] will be used as a fi rst estimate of the order of magnitude of the penetration rate of DPH probes.…”

Section: Aufsatz Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing correlations between CPT and DPH

Henzinger¹,

Krösbacher²,

Vogt

2022

Geotechnik

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Despite the widespread availability and superior information provided by the cone penetration test (CPT), dynamic probes like the DPH (dynamic probe heavy) remain an important soil investigation method under certain circumstances. In order to make use of the results of the DPH in the context of the vast body of interpretation and design methods developed for CPT tests, the drop count N10 of the DPH is correlated to the tip resistance qc of the CPT. There are numerous correlations between both values available in the standards and in the literature. However, any soil‐related differences, limitations, and factors influencing those correlations are not necessarily obvious. The present paper presents a simple framework for the illustration of influencing factors and the interpretation of correlations between DPH and CPT. The proposed framework is based on the information provided in EN ISO 22476‐1 and published scientific literature. Linear correlation factors based on the proposed framework are derived. These factors are then compared with our own field data and information from the literature.

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Energy Transfer Measuring in Dynamic Probing Test in Layered Geological Strata

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

The energy threshold in dynamic probing

The energy threshold in dynamic probing

A study on plant root apex morphology as a model for soft robots moving in soil

Factors influencing correlations between CPT and DPH

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