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Golding, P.S.; Jackson, Stuart D.; King, Terence A.; Pollnau, Markus

doi:10.1103/physrevb.62.856

Cited by 202 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, the low maximum phonon energy make a great contribution to a reduction in the nonradiative loss [23]. ZrF 4 -based fluoride glass fibers also serve as a useful host for Er 3+ ions as an efficient laser around 3 lm due to its geometry, a high-brightness laser beam and greatly reduced thermal effects [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer process in Er3+ doped ZrF4-based fluoride glass for 2.7μm laser materials

Tian

et al. 2011

Optical Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer process in Er3+ doped ZrF4-based fluoride glass for 2.7μm laser materials

Tian

et al. 2011

Optical Materials

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“…Among them, 2.7 μm lasers from Er 3+ activated inorganic materials have attracted high attentions in view of the possible applications in medicine, sensing, military counter-measures as well as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [2]. Fluoride glasses, especially heavy metal fluoro-zirconate glasses, are among the optimal hosts for 2.7 μm lasers due to their low absorption coefficient in the typical H 2 O absorption band at 3 μm, low nonradiative decay rate and high radiative transition rate [3,4]. As the host for mid-infrared solid-state lasers, Er 3+ -doped ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -LaF 3 -AlF 3 -NaF fluoride glass (ZBLAN) has been broadly investigated since the early 1990s [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Er3+-doped fluoro-tellurite glass: A new choice for 2.7μm lasers

Guo

Gao

et al. 2012

Materials Letters

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“…Therefore, the lower laser level is largely populated, which is detrimental to get 2:7 μm emission [27]. It has been demonstrated that the effective depopulation of the 4 I 13=2 state is necessary for 2:7 μm cw lasers [28], which can be achieved by codoping of Tm 3þ or Pr 3þ to deplete the lower level [4,29]. In Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense 27 μm and broadband 20 μm emission from diode-pumped Er^3+/Tm^3+/Ho^3+-doped fluorophosphate glass

Tian

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

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This Letter reports intense emission at 2:7 μm and broadband emission at 2:0 μm from Er 3þ =Tm 3þ =Ho 3þ -doped fluorophosphate glass. The fluorescence characteristics and energy transfer upon excitation of a conventional 980 nm laser diode are investigated. Based on the fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurement, the effect of Tm 3þ and Ho 3þ ions on intense 2:7 μm emission in fluorophosphate glass is demonstrated. It is also found that the effective bandwidth of 2:0 μm emission due to Recently, the development of mid-IR diode-pumped solid state lasers has been an area of great interest due to their various useful applications including military, remote sensing, eye-safe laser radar, and medical surgery [1,2]. Er 3þ -doped glass is well suited for the above applications owing to its 2:7 μm emission, which is close to the most pronounced absorption band of water at 3 μm. However, the laser characteristics of 2:7 μm due to the 4 I 11=2 → 4 I 13=2 transition are rather poor. The intrinsic difficulty to obtain laser action on this transition is mainly related to shorter fluorescence lifetime of the upper laser level 4 I 11=2 than that of the lower laser level 4 I 13=2 [3,4]. To obtain intense 2:7 μm emission, the artificial depletion of the 4 I 13=2 level is required, which can be achieved by suitable codoping of rare-earth ions and utilizing the energy transfer between levels of the respective ions having equal or close energies [5]. It has been reported that Tm 3þ ions can deplete the Er 3þ : 4 I 13=2 level to obtain 2:7 μm emission in GeGaAsS glass using a titanium-sapphire tunable laser as an excitation source, which can be attributed to the energy transfer between the Tm 3þ : 3 F 4 and Er 3þ : 4 I 13=2 levels [4]. As is shown in Fig. 1 Additionally, Ho 3þ lasers are also well suited for mid-IR range-finding, atmospheric monitoring, and sensing applications because their 2:0 μm emissions are within an atmospheric transparency window [6,7]. To enhance pump absorption, Ho 3þ -doped glasses have been sensitized with either Tm 3þ , Yb 3þ , or Er 3þ [8,9]. Nevertheless, there are few reports about the 2:0 μm emission in Er 3þ =Tm 3þ =Ho 3þ -doped glass [10].In order to get powerful mid-IR emissions from Er 3þ =Tm 3þ =Ho 3þ -doped glass, the host glass is as important as the choice of rare-earth ions. Regarding the emission at 2:7 μm, most research has focused on Er 3þ -doped fluoride and chalcogenide glasses [11][12][13]. Fluorophosphate (FP) glasses combine significant advantages of the fluoride and phosphate glass, and own a less complex fabrication route than that of fluoride and chalcogenide glasses [14]. They are characterized by good moisture resistance, high solubility for rare-earth ions, and broad absorption and emission bands [15,16]. In particular, FP glasses appear interesting for high power solid state lasers due to their low nonlinear refractive index, which will minimize associated phenomena such as self-focusing and self-phase modulation in high power lasers and ensure the highest possible laser i...

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Energy transfer processes inEr3+-doped andEr3+

Cited by 202 publications

References 46 publications

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer process in Er3+ doped ZrF4-based fluoride glass for 2.7μm laser materials

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer process in Er3+ doped ZrF4-based fluoride glass for 2.7μm laser materials

Er3+-doped fluoro-tellurite glass: A new choice for 2.7μm lasers

Intense 27 μm and broadband 20 μm emission from diode-pumped Er^3+/Tm^3+/Ho^3+-doped fluorophosphate glass

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