The vast usage of sources of energy that pollute the environment has caused major problems of global warming in the world. Global warming and greenhouse effect causes droughts, hunger and starvation among many other health problems. In this research the effect of energy use, economic, growth and renewable energy on carbon emissions in the European Union region from 1990-2019 is examined. The current study differs from previous researches done in this region, in that it speci es in the model "effective capital", which is the interaction between energy and capital (a product of energy and capital).Effective capital is inevitable in the production process, because physical capital such as machinery, without power or energy to fuel it, is dysfunctional. The current research employs the Generalized Method of Moments which is strong over endogeneity and overcomes heteroskedasticity, serial and autocorrelation problems for robust results. The ndings of this research support past studies that renewable energy reduces carbon emissions and Gross Domestic Product exacerbates carbon emissions.Effective capital and energy use are observed to promote carbon emissions, whereas capital and population size reduces carbon emissions in the European Union.