Energy valorisation of citrus peel waste by torrefaction treatment

Velebil, Jan; Tamelová, Barbora; Malaťák, Jan

doi:10.15159/ar.18.029

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…From the list of other biomasses, orange peel, analyzed by Tamelova [ 30 ], contains a calorific value of 24.97 MJ·kg −1 at the biochar of 275 °C, which is approximately 10% higher than for similar biochar of SCG. Fermented Palm Oil reached the highest calorific value of 21.25 MJ·kg −1 [ 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torrefaction is a thermochemical process of biomass being slowly heated to be converted into coal-like material [ 29 ]. The results of proximate and proximate and ultimate analysis showed positive influence of torrefaction on the samples [ 30 , 31 ]. SCG can be easily converted by torrefaction to a high-value fuel product due to the high concentration of sugars, fibers, proteins and compounds such as fatty acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hemicellulose, cellulose or lignin [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Spent Coffee Ground as an Alternative Fuel and Possible Soil Amendment

et al. 2022

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Spent coffee ground is a massively produced coffee industry waste product whose reusage is beneficial. Proximate and ultimate and stochiometric analysis of torrefied spent coffee ground were performed and results were analyzed and compared with other research and materials. Spent coffee ground is a material with high content of carbon (above 50%) and therefore high calorific value (above 20 MJ·kg−1). Torrefaction improves the properties of the material, raising its calorific value up to 32 MJ·kg−1. Next, the phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract was tested using the cress test. The non-torrefied sample and the sample treated at 250 °C were the most toxic. The sample treated at 250 °C adversely affected the germination of the cress seeds due to residual caffeine, tannins and sulfur release. The sample treated at 350 °C performed best of all the tested samples. The sample treated at 350 °C can be applied to the soil as the germination index was higher than 50% and can be used as an alternative fuel with net calorific value comparable to fossil fuels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Spent Coffee Ground as an Alternative Fuel and Possible Soil Amendment

et al. 2022

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“…It is usually carried out in an inert gas environment, at atmospheric pressure and with a low heating rate, i.e., less than 50 °C min −1 [ 27 ]. With this process, it is possible to achieve better chemical, physical, and fuel properties of biomass [ 28 , 29 ]. The advantage of torrefaction is the conversion of lignocellulosic raw material into solid biofuel [ 30 , 31 ], which is characterised by higher calorific value, better grindability [ 32 ], and higher hydrophobicity [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Torrefaction on Fuel Properties of Aspiration Cleaning Residues

et al. 2022

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To maximise the use of biomass for energy purposes, there are various options for converting biomass to biofuels through thermochemical conversion processes, one of which is torrefaction. Higher utilisation of waste from the aspiration cleaning of grains, such as wheat or maize, could be one of the means through which the dependence on fossil fuels could be reduced in the spirit of a circular economy. In this study, the effect of torrefaction on fuel properties of agricultural residues was investigated. The tested materials were waste by-products from the aspiration cleaning of maize grains and waste from wheat. The materials were treated by torrefaction under a nitrogen atmosphere (225 °C, 250 °C, and 275 °C), over a residence time of 30 min. During the treatment, weight loss was monitored as a function of time. Proximate and elemental composition, as well as calorific values, were analysed before and after torrefaction. Torrefaction has a positive effect on the properties of the fuels in the samples studied, as shown by the results. The carbon content increased the most between temperatures of 250 °C and 275 °C, i.e., by 11.7% wt. in waste from maize. The oxygen content in the maize waste samples decreased by 38.99% wt. after torrefaction, and in wheat waste, it decreased by 37.20% wt. compared to the original. The net calorific value increased with increasing temperatures of process and reached a value of 23.56 MJ·kg−1 at a peak temperature of 275 °C in by-products from maize. To express the influence of the treatments on combustion behaviour, stoichiometric combustion calculations were performed. Differences of up to 20% in stoichiometric combustion parameters were found between the two types of waste. A similar case was found for fuel consumption, where a difference of 19% was achieved for torrefaction at a temperature of 275 °C, which fundamentally differentiated these fuels.

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“…In the circular economy concept, waste should re-enter the production flow as recyclable or compostable material or as a fuel [1]. When used as a fuel, dry methods are mostly used, such as direct combustion [2,3], gasification [4], and pyrolysis [5], where low-temperature pyrolysis is an important treatment for low-energy waste [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Biochar Derived from Tea Waste as an Alternative Fuel and Its Effect on Phytotoxicity of Seed Germination for Soil Applications

et al. 2022

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Tea waste as a potential biofuel and bio fertilizer was analyzed. Samples were collected from various tea species and torrefied to five different temperatures. All samples were analyzed for their proximal composition and calorific value. From the results, stoichiometric properties were calculated. A phytotoxicity test was performed, and the germination index was measured. Tea waste torrefied at 350 °C may be suitable biofuel reaching the calorific value of 25–27 MJ kg−1, but with quite a high share of ash, up to 10%, which makes its use technically challenging and may lead to operating issues in a combustion chamber. The same biochar may be a suitable fertilizer for increasing the germination index, therefore, applicable to the soil. The non-torrefied sample and the sample treated at 250 °C are not suitable as fertilizers for being toxic. The total phenolic content in waste black tea was reduced from 41.26 to 0.21 mg g−1, depending on the torrefaction temperature. The total flavonoid content was also reduced from 60.49 to 0.5 mg g−1. The total antioxidant activity in the non-torrefied sample was 144 mg g−1, and after torrefaction at 550 °C, it was 0.82 mg g−1. The results showed that black tea waste residues have the potential for further use, for example, in agriculture as a soil amendment or as a potential biofuel.

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Energy valorisation of citrus peel waste by torrefaction treatment

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Spent Coffee Ground as an Alternative Fuel and Possible Soil Amendment

Use of Spent Coffee Ground as an Alternative Fuel and Possible Soil Amendment

Impact of Torrefaction on Fuel Properties of Aspiration Cleaning Residues

Properties of Biochar Derived from Tea Waste as an Alternative Fuel and Its Effect on Phytotoxicity of Seed Germination for Soil Applications

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