Engine Parameter Optimization for Improved Engine and Drive Cycle Efficiency for Boosted, GDI Engines with Different Boosting System Architecture

Amann, Manfred; Ouwenga, Daniel R.

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1204

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Within 30 minutes values increase more than 50 fold. From this point onwards, the increase levels off and maximum values larger than 1·10 6 1/cm 3 are reached. The overall highest particle concentrations are produced by Fuel A with numbers larger than 2.4·10 6 1/cm 3 .…”

Section: Engine Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Unlike in port fuel injection (PFI) systems, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This opens up the possibility of new injection strategies and can improve efficiency and fuel consumption, especially under partial load [1,2,3]. An additional advantage is the so-called stratified charge operation, which allows adjustment of the injection and ignition timings of the engine, to further optimise engine operation [4]. In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].One major challenge of the GDI concept, however, is the potential for increased formation of particulate emissions. Recent emissions legislations such as EURO 6 in Europe and LEV III (Low Emissions Vehicle Program) in the US pose very strict limitations on particle number and mass (PM) concentrations [11,12]. Methods to control particulate emissions from GDI engines are therefore important.Introduction of an injector into the combustion chamber of a GDI engine results in direct exposure of the injector tip to the harsh conditions occurring during combustion. Because the flame directly interacts with the nozzle, combustion products can be deposited on the surface and inside cavities. This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al. [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine. They used rich fuel-to-air ratios in order to promote fouling. By measuring the temperature of the injector tip with an internal sensor, they saw that with increasing temperature Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines ABSTRACTIn Gasoline Direct Injection engines, direct exposure of the injector to the flame can cause combustion products to accumulate on the nozzle, which can result in increased particulate emissions. This research observes the impact of injector fouling on particulate emissions and the associated injector spray pattern and shows how both can be reversed by utilising fuel detergency. For this purpose multi-hole injectors were deliberately fouled in a four-cylinder test engine with two different base fuels. During a fo...

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Section: Engine Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ity challenges associated with turbocharging but at the expense of lower engine fuel economy. Including a supercharger in a turbocharged powertrain or twincharging can combine the drivability pros of supercharging with fuel economy benefits of turbocharging [2][3][4].…”

Section: Dscc2016-9691mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coordinated Boost Control in a Twincharged Spark Ignition Engine With High External Dilution

Nazari

Stefanopoulou

Kiwan

et al. 2016

Volume 2: Mechatronics; Mechatronics and Controls in Advanced Manufacturing; Modeling and Control of Automotive Systems and Com

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This paper proposes a novel master-slave control strategy for coordination of throttle, wastegate and supercharger actuators in an electrically twincharged engine in order to guarantee efficient boost control during transients, while at steady state a throttle-wastegate coordination provides minimum engine backpressure hence engine efficiency elevation. The benefits and challenges associated with Low Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation (LP-EGR) in a baseline turbocharged engine, including improved engine efficiency, mainly due to better combustion phasing, and sluggish engine response to a torque demand due to slowed down air path dynamics were studied and quantified in [1]. Hence in this paper an electrical Eaton TVS roots type supercharger at high pressure side of the turbocharger compressor (TC compressor) is added to the baseline turbocharged engine and the performance of the proposed controller in the presence of LP-EGR, which is a more demanding condition, is evaluated and compared to the turbocharged engine. One dimensional (1D) crankangle resolved engine simulations show that the proposed master-slave control strategy can effectively improve the transient response of the twincharged engine, making it comparable to naturally aspirated engines, while the consumed electrical energy during transients can be recovered from the decreased fuel consumption due to LP-EGR conditions at steady state in approximately 1 second. Finally, a simple controller is developed to bypass the TC compressor and maximize the engine feeding charge during the transients in order to avoid TC compressor choking and achieve faster response.

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“…The impact of different boosting system configurations on the performance and the fuel economy of downsized boosted gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines were also investigated. 13 Three different two-stage boosting systems (a twin-turbocharger boosting system, an SC–TC boosting system and a TC–SC boosting system) were evaluated for a 1.2 l three-cylinder GDI engine in order to make a comparison with a 1.6 l four-cylinder GDI engine with a single-stage boosting system (a turbocharger or a clutched supercharger). Transient vehicle simulations predicted that the three-cylinder engine with further downsizing and two-stage boosting improved the fuel economy over the New European Driving Cycle, the Federal Test Procedure 75 driving cycle and the US06 driving cycle; in particular, the SC–TC system offered the greatest fuel economy benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system for a Miller cycle engine

Sun

Liu

Zhu

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This paper describes the design optimization of a compound boosting system consisting of a turbocharger and a supercharger for a 2.0 l four-cylinder Miller cycle engine which has a high expansion ratio of 12.0:1 and variable valve actuation. Various system configurations and supercharger sizes were evaluated numerically and experimentally to reduce the supercharger power consumption and the engine fuel consumption while maintaining the same engine torque performance in steady-state conditions. The supercharger–turbocharger boosting system with a V400 supercharger showed an average engine fuel consumption that was 2.8% lower in boosted conditions than did the turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with the same V400 supercharger; this was predicted by engine cycle simulations and verified by experiments. When the supercharger was placed upstream of the turbocharger, the supercharger inlet pressure was lower and the total mass flow rate through the supercharger was reduced, which reduced the supercharger power consumption and the bypass air flow. The turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a smaller supercharger (R340 or V250) significantly improved the engine efficiency (by 3.3% or 5.0% respectively in comparison with the turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a V400 supercharger), by reducing the mass air flow rates through the supercharger and minimizing the supercharger power consumption. The turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a V250 supercharger achieved the lowest engine fuel consumption in full-load conditions of all the turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system options evaluated for the 2.0 l Miller cycle engine on the basis of the simulation results. This study defined the optimal system layout and the optimal supercharger size for implementing the turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system on a 2.0 l Miller cycle spark ignition engine to maximize the improvement in the fuel economy of the vehicle while maintaining the same torque performance.

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Engine Parameter Optimization for Improved Engine and Drive Cycle Efficiency for Boosted, GDI Engines with Different Boosting System Architecture

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

A Coordinated Boost Control in a Twincharged Spark Ignition Engine With High External Dilution

Optimization of a turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system for a Miller cycle engine

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