Engineered nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their toxicity: a review

Umapathi, Akhela; Kumawat, Mamta; Daima, Hemant Kumar

doi:10.1007/s10311-021-01307-7

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…The incorporation of nanomaterials may enhance the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic, delay the development of chemoresistance, and maybe able to overcome the systemic and intracellular barriers through differential properties of temperature, electrical, photo-responsive, piezoelectric, pH, and redox. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are fine-tunable towards various applications with enhanced efficiency [ 5 , 16 , 20 , 121 – 123 ]. In addition, the physical and the chemical properties of the nanomaterials can be controlled exogenously or endogenously.…”

Section: Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nanomaterials In Cancer Thera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More commonly, magnetic iron oxide (frequently maghemite γ-Fe 2 O 3 or magnetite Fe 2 O 3 ), nickel, cobalt, Prussian blue, or gadolinium remains the most extensively researched nanomaterials. The functionalization usually provides with colloidal stability, allows for stearic or electrostatic binding with the active therapeutic drug, targeting moieties, or the imaging probe, and tuning important properties of pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, clearance, cellular interactions, and non-specific protein absorptions [ 5 , 16 , 123 , 206 – 215 ].…”

Section: Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nanomaterials In Cancer Thera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is apparent that overcoming cancer is a battle against complexities and intricacies due to mutations, metastatic nature of cancer cells, lack of early detection techniques, and the inability of scientific community to solve many cancer-related problems. However, the recent developments in nanotechnology can be a key to unlock the secrets of cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies [ 5 – 7 ]. Nanotechnology is one of the emerging multidisciplinary areas dealing with physics, biochemistry, material science, chemistry, biology, medicine, informatics, and engineering [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

et al. 2022

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Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio for diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials within the body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical and biological properties, form the need of the hour. In this context, smart nanomaterials serve as promising solution, as they can be activated under specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes, or a particular biological molecule. The properties of smart nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for various applications like biosensors, controlled drug release, and treatment of various diseases. Recently, smart nanomaterial-based cancer theranostic approaches have been developed, and they are displaying better selectivity and sensitivity with reduced side-effects in comparison to conventional methods. In cancer therapy, the smart nanomaterials-system only activates in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) and remains in deactivated state in normal cells, which further reduces the side-effects and systemic toxicities. Thus, the present review aims to describe the stimulus-based classification of smart nanomaterials, tumor microenvironment-responsive behaviour, and their up-to-date applications in cancer theranostics. Besides, present review addresses the development of various smart nanomaterials and their advantages for diagnosing and treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about the drug targeting and sustained drug release from nanocarriers, and different types of nanomaterials which have been engineered for this intent. Additionally, the present challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in effective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.

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Section: Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nanomaterials In Cancer Thera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nanomaterials In Cancer Thera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

et al. 2022

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“…In nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been explored for their tremendous industrial, military, environmental, and therapeutic applications. For therapeutic usages, the metal nanoparticles are known to have biomolecular recognition, sensing, drug or gene delivery, imaging, antimicrobial activity, neurodegenerative disorder treatment, and phagokinetic applicability. − Within the class of metal nanoparticles, gold (Au) nanoparticles are considered an excellent candidate for biomedical applications due to their ease of synthesis, better control over surface functionalization, high stability, unique tunable optical-electronic characteristics, and catalytic properties . Moreover, Au nanoparticles are regarded to be nontoxic, versatile, and biocompatible and are frequently used in visualization and bioimaging methods to treat malignant tumors and biosensing. , Nevertheless, to further utilize Au nanoparticles in medicine, it is essential to formulate monodispersed particles and fine-tune their physicochemical properties with controlled surface chemistry. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Engineered Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles to Subside Cell Inflammation

et al. 2022

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The smart design of nanoparticles with varying surfaces may open a new avenue for potential biomedical applications. Consequently, several approaches have been established for controlled synthesis to develop the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. However, many of the synthesis and functionalization methods are chemical-based and might be toxic to limit the full potential of nanoparticles. Here, curcumin (a plant-derived material) based synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles, followed by the development of a suitable exterior corona using isoniazid (INH, antibiotic), tyrosine (Tyr, amino acid), and quercetin (Qrc, antioxidant), is reported. All these nanoparticles (Cur-Au, Cur-Au INH , Cur-Au Tyr , and Cur-Au Qrc ) possess inherent peroxidasemimicking natures depending on the surface corona of respective nanoparticles, and they are found to be excellent candidates for free radical scavenging action. The peroxidase-mimicking nanoparticle interactions with red blood cells and mouse macrophages confirmed their hemo-and biocompatible nature. Moreover, these surface-engineered Au nanoparticles were found to be suitable in subsiding key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The inherent peroxidase-mimicking behavior and anti-inflammatory potential without any significant toxicity of these nanoparticles may open new prospects for nanomedicine.

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“…Metal nanoparticles have gained significant interest over the past decade because of their unique properties and biomedical applications ( Nations et al, 2015 ; Shnoudeh et al, 2019 ; Cid and Simal-Gandara, 2020 ; Matur et al, 2020 ; Umapathi et al, 2020 ; Patel et al, 2021 ; Umapathi et al, 2021 ; Kumawat et al, 2022 ). The Indian systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, considered the greatest medical heritage have developed and practiced the use of metal oxide nanoparticles as medicines that use metals and herbs as their integral parts ( Bhowmick et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Copper (II) Oxide Containing Herbometallic Siddha Nanocomplex “Thamira Parpam”

Parthasarathy

Manikandamathavan

Chandronitha

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“Thamira parpam” (TP), a copper-based herbometallic oxide (copper (II) oxide) nanodrug has been used in Siddha medicine for centuries because of its anti-ulcerogenic property. However, the physicochemical properties and in vivo toxicity of TP still remain elusive. Rigorous clinical translation requires deciphering these vital properties. We have synthesized TP following a gold standard protocol in the traditional Siddha methodology. We assessed the size, phase, elemental constituents, and thermal stability of TP by SEM and TEM, XRD, EPR, and EDAX analyses, respectively. The results depicted the conversion of metallic copper into copper (II) oxide in the final stages of TP preparation and exhibited nanodimensions ranging between 10 and 50 nm. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of oxygen-deficient state and a carbonaceous coating was found on the surface of TP using TEM analysis. In vivo safety was studied in rat toxicity models by adopting OECD guidelines. Body weight changes, feed, and water intake were unaltered upon TP administration. Hematological, biochemical profiling, and histopathological findings also suggested its nontoxic nature with no abnormalities in major organs and its functions. Interestingly, we found that the metal toxicity could have been subdued because of the carbonaceous coating around the nanoparticle copper (II) oxide, confirming that the drug is safe at a low dose. Overall, our study has enlightened the safety of TP supporting the use of Siddha formulations.

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Engineered nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their toxicity: a review

Cited by 45 publications

References 200 publications

Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Surface Engineered Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles to Subside Cell Inflammation

Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Copper (II) Oxide Containing Herbometallic Siddha Nanocomplex “Thamira Parpam”

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