Engineered raw, carbonaceous, and modified biomass-based adsorbents for Rhodamine B dye removal from water and wastewater

Visible-light-activated photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using WO3 nanoparticles

“…The release of rhodamine B from industrial activities into wastewater even at concentrations as low as 1.0 mg L −1 renders the water unsuitable for human consumption and aquatic life. 2 Rhodamine B is neurotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and is an irritant to the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Dye contaminated wastewater is classified as refractory wastewater due to the fact that it increases biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in surface water.…”

The application of photoelectrocatalysis in the degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solutions: a review

“…36 Furthermore, contact with rhodamine B can damage the eyes and cause irritation and severe oral noxiousness in humans. 33 However, humans are susceptible to greater risks when they ingest rhodamine B. Studies in the eld of medicine have conrmed that rhodamine B is mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature, causing developmental and simulation toxicity in animals and humans.…”

“…Even when the concentration of rhodamine B in water is very low (approximately 1.0 mg L −1 ), it impacts a strong colour on the water, making it unsuitable for domestic use and consumption. 33,34 Aquatic organisms suffer greatly from the presence of rhodamine B in surface water as it significantly prevents the penetration of light to algae and other plants in the water, hindering the photosynthesis process. In a study conducted by Kooh et al , it was observed that rhodamine B is hazardous to Cyprinodon variegatus at the lethal concentration of 84 mg L −1 .…”

Preparation of Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon via Steam Activation for Efficient Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption: Modeling and Mechanism Studies

“…Membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, biosorption, and other processes are commonly employed to remove organic dyes. , Among them, the adsorption method is one of the most mature dye removal techniques. However, the main problem limiting the advancement of adsorption technology is how to select efficient and low-cost adsorbents . At present, the adsorbents used in industrialization include inorganic porous materials, molecular sieves, carbon materials, etc., among which activated carbon is the most used adsorption material .…”