Engineering 2D Mesoporous Silica@MXene‐Integrated 3D‐Printing Scaffolds for Combinatory Osteosarcoma Therapy and NO‐Augmented Bone Regeneration

Abstract

The rising concerns of the recurrence and bone deficiency in surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors have raised an urgent need of the advance of multifunctional therapeutic platforms for efficient tumor therapy and bone regeneration. Herein, the construction of a multifunctional biomaterial system is reported by the integration of 2D Nb2C MXene wrapped with S‐nitrosothiol (RSNO)‐grafted mesoporous silica with 3D‐printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds (MBS). The near infrared (NIR)‐triggered photonic hyperthermia of MXene in the NIR‐II biowindow and precisely controlled nitric oxide (NO) release are coordinated for multitarget ablation of bone tumors to enhance localized osteosarcoma treatment. The in situ formed phosphorus and calcium components degraded from BG scaffold promote bone‐regeneration bioactivity, augmented by sufficient blood supply triggered by on‐demand NO release. The tunable NO generation plays a crucial role in sequential adjuvant tumor ablation, combinatory promotion of coupled vascularization, and bone regeneration. This study demonstrates a combinatory osteosarcoma ablation and a full osseous regeneration as enabled by the implantation of MBS. The design of multifunctional scaffolds with the specific features of controllable NO release, highly efficient photothermal conversion, and stimulatory bone regeneration provides an intriguing biomaterial platform for the diversified treatment of bone tumors.

Hyaluronate-based Self-stabilized Nanoparticles for Reverting Immunosuppression and Immunochemotherapy in Osteosarcoma Treatment 

“…Furthermore, mouse tibio bular osteosarcomas were also assessed by micro-CT scanning and 3D reconstruction to evaluate bone destruction, which is considered to be positively related to the progression of osteosarcoma [37,38]. As shown in Fig.…”

NIR light-assisted phototherapies for bone-related diseases and bone tissue regeneration: A systematic review

“…MXene nanosheets, such as 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXene and Nb 2 C MXene, have unique structural characteristics, including a large specific surface area and adjustable physiochemical properties. They display enriched photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic effects in both the NIR-I and NIR-II biowindows, providing intriguing biomaterial platforms for the diversified treatment of bone cancers 31 , 44 . LaB 6 , a chemical compound of La and B elements, also shows efficient NIR photothermal conversion ability.…”

“…Generally speaking, local hyperthermia over 50 °C exerts highly effective phototherapeutic effects on pathological tissues, which is favorable for the treatment of bone cancers, infections, and inflammations. Under NIR light irradiation, the cancer tissues can be effectively ablated by photonic hyperthermia (over 50 °C) without recurrence 31 , 44 , 66 . Similarly, hyperthermia at almost 55 °C achieved a high antibacterial efficiency (99.995%) in the treatment of bone infections 15 .…”

“…The local inflammatory reaction secondary to PTT is similar to the primary phase of bone healing, which could accelerate bone tissue regeneration by recruiting precursor cells. Considering the effects of photobiomodulation on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, suitable mild local hyperthermia might have positive therapeutic effects on bone regeneration 44 . In future studies, more accurate and sensitive real-time monitoring techniques should be developed to adjust the irradiation parameters and avoid unnecessary damage following overheating 11 .…”

Advancements in Therapeutics via 3D Printed Multifunctional Architectures from Dispersed 2D Nanomaterial Inks

“…[33] Copyright 2019, The Authors, published by John Wiley and Sons. [271] Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons.…”