Engineering a Bioactive Matrix by Modifications of Calcium Sulfate

Abstract

The goal of this study was to define the conditions for the fabrication of a bioactive matrix that induces and supports cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. The proposed hypothesis was that a composite graft could be engineered by the absorption of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) onto calcium sulfate (CS). Evaluation of the biological activity of the engineered grafts was based on osteoblast proliferation studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Graft samples were created in a standard size and shape so that the surface available for attachment and cell proliferation was always identical. Proliferation data were expressed as counts per minute per group and differences among groups were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Scheffé test (alpha = 0.1). SEM analysis showed that the combination of CS and PRP presents a preserved crystalline structure well integrated by organic matrix. This combination showed the highest cell proliferation levels (p < 0.001). Further evaluations demonstrated that PRP is activated when combined with CS. When tested as a possible carrier for biologically active molecules such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), CS showed increased cell proliferation (p < 0.001). SEM revealed adherent osteoblasts with broad flattened edges on CS-PRP. This study proposes CS as an efficient carrier for PRP or PDGF and supports the use of these combinations as bioactive matrices in clinical or laboratory applications.

Calcium Sulfate and Platelet-Rich Plasma make a novel osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration

“…This is an exothermic setting reaction during which 1 g of hemihydrate CS combines with 186 μl of water [19,20]. Similarly, as described in previous studies [16], CS-Platelet was prepared by mixing hemihydrate CS (Capset, Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. USA for the animal bioassays, and Surgiplaster, ClassImplant, s.r.l. Italy for the human clinical cases) with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in place of water.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that within CS-Platelet, CS is able to activate the platelets present in the PRP without the need for an agonist [16], and to carry and release growth factors in a time-dependent manner [17]. Thus, CS-Platelet is a candidate biomaterial for bone regeneration because it is able to sustain over time the nourishment of the bone defects via the combinatorial delivery of calcium and platelets' multiple biological factors.…”

Human Alveolar Bone Cells Interact with ProRoot and Tooth-Colored MTA

“…Several studies in our laboratory utilized alveolar bone cells in primary explant cultures from human trabecular bone chips that were obtained during routine oral surgical procedures (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). In a recent study we demonstrated their capacity to differentiate into a mature osteoblast phenotype, and some of these cells were utilized in the current study (13).…”

Maxillary Sinus Elevation for Implant Placement Using Calcium Sulfate With and Without DFDBA: Six Cases

“…This has been documented by several in vivo studies. 27 Recently, Intini et al 28 used CS as a carrier and releasing device for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-derived growth factor. Kim et al 29 used CS and PRP in peri-implant defects, showing successful bone formation.…”