Engineering an in vitro air-blood barrier by 3D bioprinting

Abstract

Intensive efforts in recent years to develop and commercialize in vitro alternatives in the field of risk assessment have yielded new promising two- and three dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Nevertheless, a realistic 3D in vitro alveolar model is not available yet. Here we report on the biofabrication of the human air-blood tissue barrier analogue composed of an endothelial cell, basement membrane and epithelial cell layer by using a bioprinting technology. In contrary to the manual method, we demonstrate that this technique enables automatized and reproducible creation of thinner and more homogeneous cell layers, which is required for an optimal air-blood tissue barrier. This bioprinting platform will offer an excellent tool to engineer an advanced 3D lung model for high-throughput screening for safety assessment and drug efficacy testing.

3D Miniaturization of Human Organs for Drug Discovery

“…This bioprinting platform offers an excellent base to engineer advanced 3D lung models for high-throughput screening, safety assessment, and drug efficacy testing. [101] …”

“…Microextrusion based bioprinting systems involve dispensing hydrogel or polymer based filaments through a micronozzle print head via computer controlled motion in a layer-by-layer fashion. [93,101,112] The polymer or hydrogel is www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advhealthmat.de generally loaded into a plastic or metallic based syringe and is driven by pneumatic, piston, or screw. [145] Inkjet printing based techniques require the patterning of polymer or hydrogel based droplets into a 3D construct through a droplet generating print head via computer controlled motion and droplet control.…”

“…High-throughput pharmacological study [36,78] 3D bioprinting Primary feline H1 cardiomyocytes First rhythmic beating of 3D printed structure [93][94][95] Lung Microfabrication Epithelial cells Use of porous membrane to mimic lung functions [31,37] 3D bioprinting A549 cells and EA hy926 cells World's first 3D bioprinted lung tissue [101] Bone 3D bioprinting BMSCs High viability in microextrusion-based bioprinting [108,109,158,159] Cancer Self-assembled Intestinal stem cells Discovery of LGR5+ intestinal stem cells [52,62] Microfabrication Breast cancer cells Perfusable human microvascularized bone-mimicking (BMi) microenvironment [81,168] 3D bioprinting OVCAR-5 and MRC-5 cells Insight into complex cell-cell communication in 3D [113][114][115][116][117] Multi Self-assembled Liver, gut, vessel cells High throughput hanging drop [30,[49][50][51][52] Microfabrication Liver, heart, and vessel cells Automated control of perfusion [11,19,27,32] 3D bioprinting NPC and HCT-116 cells Multiorgan bioprinted model [30,122] a)…”

Advances in bioprinted cell-laden hydrogels for skin tissue engineering

“…In this versatile technology, cell-laden polymeric solutions [28,154], decellularized ECM components [73], cell suspensions [68], microcarriers [162] or tissue spheroids [185] are loaded into standard disposable syringes, and printed onto a building platform driven by pneumatic (pressurized air), mechanical (piston or screw) or solenoid (electrical pulses)-based dispensing systems [76,111,125,137]. An important advantage of extrusion bioprinting is the ability to print highly viscous polymer solutions containing a wide range of cell densities (up 10 7 cells mL -1 ) [92,182].…”

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

“…[4,5] 3D bioprinting involves the process of obtaining 3D images, pattern conversion and design, bioink formation, and eventually printing to generate the constructs. [6] In general, the first step is typically to obtain images through computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging or other imaging techniques.…”