Engineering antiwetting hydrophobic surfaces for membrane distillation: A review

Omniphobic, Bilayer Carbon Nanotube-Immobilized Fluorinated (FAS) Membranes for Bioethanol Recovery at High Concentrations via Membrane Distillation

“…While the contact angle exhibited a decline with rising ethanol concentrations for all membranes, the FAS-CNIM consistently demonstrated stable hydrophobicity with 8% higher contact angle compared to that of FAS-IM when exposed to pure ethanol. The combination of increased surface roughness due to the CNTs and superior ominphobicity of the FAS showed the best results. , …”

Internally Cross-Linked Polysulfone-Based Anion Exchange Membranes with pH Stability for Carboxylate Separation

“…As the quantity of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane increases, the water contact angle of AEMs increases from 58.2° for the QPSF-0 AEM to a maximum of 79.8° for QPSF-1.25. This occurrence can be interpreted in terms of the Cassie–Baxter state of the extended Young’s model: when the hydrophobic surface roughness increases, the hydrophobicity of the resulting membrane surface tends to increase as well. , …”

How to make membrane distillation greener: a review of environmentally friendly and sustainable aspects

“…For the MD process, only water-repellent membranes, such as the ones made of petroleum-based polymers ( polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)), or coated with perfluorosilanes, have been extensively investigated. 9,10 In the case of fluorocarbon membranes, they are expensive and prone to partial wetting during long-term use, due to the interactions between the membrane surface and contaminants. [11][12][13] These membranes owe their commercial interest to their suitable properties in terms of their high porosities, low thermal conductivities, stability and hydrophobic nature.…”

“…15 Although the low cost of bio-based membranes may facilitate the dissemination of technology for water desalination in various areas, it is important to notice that for MD operation, one side of the membrane must be modified to become hydrophobic. So far, the chemical vapor deposition method, to cover the hydrophilic fibers with hydrophobic silane, 9 and FAS ( perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane) treatment 22 have been proposed. Therefore, it is apparent that the abovementioned membrane preparation procedures are often not environmentally friendly.…”