Engineering Compliant Software: Advising Developers by Automating Legal Reasoning

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“…The main components of ontologies are terms that are connected with links, such as upper/lower term, synonymy, antonymy etc. For example, the formalization of the norm graph concept is the starting phase in the approach of Oberle et al (2012) to engineering compliant software.…”

“…This is important in engineering compliant software. Oberle et al (2012) explore the regulatory compliance problem and provide an example of an app that violates data privacy law.…”

Logic in the Theory and Practice of Lawmaking

“…Here a rule of the general form If [state of affairs] then [legal consequence] serves as a simple model of norms. Such representation of norms is used in computer science and legal expert systems; see, e.g., Jones et al (1993) and Oberle et al (2012) etc.…”

From Privacy Impact Assessment to Social Impact Assessment

“…To that extent, they might be a useful tool in the arsenal of the non-legally trained systems designer who wants to ensure her new idea is at least minimally compliant from the outset. Work has gone some way to achieving this goal, albeit usually in a fairly manual fashion whereby "wizards" or questionnaires require manual feedback from the user in order to traverse the tree of regulatory norms to arrive at a determination of compliance [26,30]. Our vision is for a more automated system which could compare formalized abstractions of legal and digital systems within the software development environment, thus apply the concept of "by design" at the most effective stage.…”

“…Other research focuses on ontologies as a means of representing abstractions of both the relevant legal and digital system, in order to enable near-direct comparison of their constituent entities and the relationships between them [26]. Lastly, some very recent work has been done in the area of private medical records sharing, using Business Process Modelling and Notation (BPMN) as a means of formalization against which regulatory norms can be applied [27].…”