Engineering microalgae through chloroplast transformation to produce high‐value industrial products

Siddiqui, Ayesha; Wei, Zhengyi; Boehm, Marko; Ahmad, Niaz

doi:10.1002/bab.1823

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Microalgal genetic engineering technologies have been fully established only for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ( Young & Purton, 2016 ). Although other microalgal strains have been successfully transformed, these are usually one-time cases with low reproducibility ( Siddiqui et al, 2019 ). In addition, native isolates are well adapted to local conditions and exhibit better performance and robustness ( Alishah Aratboni et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Metagenome studies have provided us with insights into the complex interactions of microorganisms with their environments and hosts. Few studies have focused on microalgae-associated metagenomes, and no study has addressed aquatic microalgae and their bacterial communities in open pond raceways (OPRs). This study explored the possibility of using microalgal biomasses from OPRs for biodiesel and biofertilizer production. The fatty acid profiles of the biomasses and the physical and chemical properties of derived fuels were evaluated. In addition, the phenotype-based environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants was assessed. The growth rate, biomass, and lipid productivity of microalgae were also examined during mass cultivation from April to November 2017. Metagenomics analysis using MiSeq identified ∼127 eukaryotic phylotypes following mass cultivation with (OPR 1) or without (OPR 3) a semitransparent film. Of these, ∼80 phylotypes were found in both OPRs, while 23 and 24 phylotypes were identified in OPRs 1 and 3, respectively. The phylotypes belonged to various genera, such as Desmodesmus, Pseudopediastrum, Tetradesmus, and Chlorella, of which, the dominant microalgal species was Desmodesmus sp. On average, OPRs 1 and 3 produced ∼8.6 and 9.9 g m−2 d−1 (0.307 and 0.309 DW L−1) of total biomass, respectively, of which 14.0 and 13.3 wt% respectively, was lipid content. Fatty acid profiling revealed that total saturated fatty acids (mainly C16:0) of biodiesel obtained from the microalgal biomasses in OPRs 1 and 3 were 34.93% and 32.85%, respectively; total monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) were 32.40% and 31.64%, respectively; and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including C18:3) were 32.68% and 35.50%, respectively. Fuel properties determined by empirical equations were within the limits of biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Culture solutions with or without microalgal biomasses enhanced the environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants, increasing their seed production. Therefore, microalgal biomass produced through mass cultivation is excellent feedstock for producing high-quality biodiesel and biofertilizer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Some of the inherent features of algae such as lack of infectious agents or toxins, efficient folding of complex proteins and scope for the development of whole algae as low-cost oral vaccine, makes them ideal platform for heterologous production and offer several advantages over the better established microbial and mammalian systems. Although, most of the chloroplast transformation attempts have been made in the model microalgae Chlamydomonas , the successful chloroplast engineering has also been demonstrated in few other microalgal species [reviewed by Siddiqui et al ( 2020 )]. It was reported that over 100 different recombinant proteins have been successfully expressed in algal chloroplast.…”

Section: Case Studies For Genetic Engineering In Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application

Kumar

Shekh

Jakhu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

196

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Microalgae, due to their complex metabolic capacity, are being continuously explored for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and other industrially important bioactives. However, suboptimal yield and productivity of the bioactive of interest in local and robust wild-type strains are of perennial concerns for their industrial applications. To overcome such limitations, strain improvement through genetic engineering could play a decisive role. Though the advanced tools for genetic engineering have emerged at a greater pace, they still remain underused for microalgae as compared to other microorganisms. Pertaining to this, we reviewed the progress made so far in the development of molecular tools and techniques, and their deployment for microalgae strain improvement through genetic engineering. The recent availability of genome sequences and other omics datasets form diverse microalgae species have remarkable potential to guide strategic momentum in microalgae strain improvement program. This review focuses on the recent and significant improvements in the omics resources, mutant libraries, and high throughput screening methodologies helpful to augment research in the model and non-model microalgae. Authors have also summarized the case studies on genetically engineered microalgae and highlight the opportunities and challenges that are emerging from the current progress in the application of genome-editing to facilitate microalgal strain improvement. Toward the end, the regulatory and biosafety issues in the use of genetically engineered microalgae in commercial applications are described.

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“…An additional advantage for algae cultures corresponds to the lack of competition for agricultural land; making them a sustainable approach as excellent “cellular factories” to produce high-value compounds [ 19 ], while reducing the carbon dioxide levels generated by anthropogenic//human activities [ 20 ]. Microalgae strains are commonly grown for the production of functional foods and aquaculture products given their contents of functional and nutritional compounds [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Algal Biotechnology to Produce Antiviral Compounds and Biopharmaceuticals

et al. 2020

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The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to an unprecedented pandemic, which demands urgent development of antiviral drugs and antibodies; as well as prophylactic approaches, namely vaccines. Algae biotechnology has much to offer in this scenario given the diversity of such organisms, which are a valuable source of antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds that can also be used to produce vaccines and antibodies. Antivirals with possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 are summarized, based on previously reported activity against Coronaviruses or other enveloped or respiratory viruses. Moreover, the potential of algae-derived anti-inflammatory compounds to treat severe cases of COVID-19 is contemplated. The scenario of producing biopharmaceuticals in recombinant algae is presented and the cases of algae-made vaccines targeting viral diseases is highlighted as valuable references for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Successful cases in the production of functional antibodies are described. Perspectives on how specific algae species and genetic engineering techniques can be applied for the production of anti-viral compounds antibodies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are provided.

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Engineering microalgae through chloroplast transformation to produce high‐value industrial products

Cited by 33 publications

References 78 publications

Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation

Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation

Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application

The Potential of Algal Biotechnology to Produce Antiviral Compounds and Biopharmaceuticals

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