Engineering microfluidic papers: determination of fibre source and paper sheet properties and their influence on capillary-driven fluid flow

Carstens, Franz; Gamelas, José A. F.; Schabel, Samuel

doi:10.1007/s10570-016-1079-7

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…As can be seen in Figure 4(a), the pore size was higher in the case of lower basis weight sheets, indicating a more porous internal network, according with the density values (Figure 2 (c)) and also agreeing with the findings of Li et al and Carstens et al [8] [21] Moreover, the stronger the refining, the lower the pore size. This is also related with the higher flexibility of fibers reached during the refining process, enhancing the fiber bonding effect, which has been corroborated with the SEM images (Figure 3) [22].…”

Section: Pore Size Distribution Of Tested Paperssupporting

confidence: 89%

Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays

et al. 2018

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Paper-based microfluidics devices can create a new healthcare model. Cellulose is carbohydrate polymer biocompatible and hydrophilic. These characteristics enhance the development of userfriendly diagnostic devices, but the link between paper manufacturing process and performance of the devices is still unclear. Previous studies focused on either commercial papers or lab papers from wood-cellulose fibers, with different basis-weight. This work introduces the effect of refining process and lab paper from non-wood-cellulose fibers, focusing on sisal fibers to overcome the aforementioned challenge. Structural characteristics of paper, such as basis-weight and degree of refining, are optimized and correlated with blood typing test resolution. Unrefined sisal paper of 50 g/m 2 and 100 g/m 2 basis-weight exhibit a higher gray intensity level than refined paper, and also maximal capillary rise and a pore size suitable for blood grouping tests. Two different blood types were evaluated with results consistent with the traditional methods, testifying the usefulness of this methodology.

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Section: Pore Size Distribution Of Tested Paperssupporting

confidence: 89%

Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays

et al. 2018

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“…Those two proteins were printed separately on three different lab-engineered cellulose-papers, differing in their flow characteristics. According to Schabel and coworkers the fluid flow characteristics of lab-engineered paper were modulated by varying the effective specific energies while refining the cotton linters pulp as well as fractionating the fibers before paper sheet production 30 . This resulted in fabrication of papers with capillary flow rates of approximately 60 s/4 cm, 120 s/4 cm and 180 s/4 cm (named C60, C120, C180), representing suitable paper samples for the comparison with classical NC membranes (HiFlow75, HiFlow120, HiFlow180).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate binding module-fused antibodies improve the performance of cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassays

Elter

Bock

Spiehl

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Since the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19 in December 2019, several lateral flow assay (LFA) devices were developed to enable the constant monitoring of regional and global infection processes. Additionally, innumerable lateral flow test devices are frequently used for determination of different clinical parameters, food safety, and environmental factors. Since common LFAs rely on non-biodegradable nitrocellulose membranes, we focused on their replacement by cellulose-composed, biodegradable papers. We report the development of cellulose paper-based lateral flow immunoassays using a carbohydrate-binding module-fused to detection antibodies. Studies regarding the protein binding capacity and potential protein wash-off effects on cellulose paper demonstrated a 2.7-fold protein binding capacity of CBM-fused antibody fragments compared to the sole antibody fragment. Furthermore, this strategy improved the spatial retention of CBM-fused detection antibodies to the test area, which resulted in an enhanced sensitivity and improved overall LFA-performance compared to the naked detection antibody. CBM-assisted antibodies were validated by implementation into two model lateral flow test devices (pregnancy detection and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies). The CBM-assisted pregnancy LFA demonstrated sensitive detection of human gonadotropin (hCG) in synthetic urine and the CBM-assisted Covid-19 antibody LFA was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies present in serum. Our findings pave the way to the more frequent use of cellulose-based papers instead of nitrocellulose in LFA devices and thus potentially improve the sustainability in the field of POC diagnostics.

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“…For hydration, fibres were stored in deionised water and allowed to swell for 45 minutes. As shown in (Carstens et al 2017;Hubbe et al 2013), the water progressed into the cotton linter test stripes in seconds. Furthermore, it was discovered that the free swelling time for a whole pulp was 70 minutes (Olejnik 2012).…”

Section: Fibresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanomechanical Subsurface Characterisation of Cellulosic Fibres

Auernhammer¹,

Langhans²,

Schäfer³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The mechanical properties of single fibres are highly important in the paper production process to produce and adjust properties for the favoured fields of application. The description of mechanical properties is usually characterised via linearized assumptions and is not resolved locally or spatially in three dimensions. In tensile tests or nanoindentation experiments on cellulosic fibres, only one mechanical parameter, such as elastic modulus or hardness, is usually obtained. To obtain a more detailed mechanical picture of the fibre, it is crucial to determine mechanical properties in depth. To this end, we discuss an atomic force microscopy-based approach to examine the local stiffness as a function of indentation depth via static force-distance curves. This method has been applied to linter fibres (extracted from a finished paper sheet) as well as to natural raw cotton fibres to better understand the influence of the pulp treatment process in paper production on the mechanical properties. Both types of fibres were characterised in dry and wet conditions with respect to alterations in their mechanical properties. Subsurface imaging revealed which wall in the fibre structure protects the fibre against mechanical loading. Via a combined 3D display, a spatially resolved mechanical map of the fibre interior near the surface can be established. Additionally, we labelled fibres with carbohydrate binding modules tagged with fluorescent proteins to compare the AFM results with fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Nanomechanical subsurface imaging is thus a tool to better understand the mechanical behaviour of cellulosic fibres, which have a complex, hierarchical structure.

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Engineering microfluidic papers: determination of fibre source and paper sheet properties and their influence on capillary-driven fluid flow

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays

Novel applications of nonwood cellulose for blood typing assays

Carbohydrate binding module-fused antibodies improve the performance of cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassays

Nanomechanical Subsurface Characterisation of Cellulosic Fibres

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