Enhanced Alkaloid Production from Cell Culture System of Catharanthus roseus in Combined Effect of Nutrient Salts, Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators

Abstract

Callus and biomass culture of Catharanthus roseus L. were established to check for the presence of total alkaloid and its subsequent yield. Various treatments like strength of nutrient salts, sucrose concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) were applied to both MS and B5 in agar as well as suspension medium to test their effects on enhanced alkaloid content and its yield. There was no significant difference in any of the observable parameters of fresh wt, dry wt, alkaloid content, production, productivity and yield if the culture were treated similarly in both types of media formulations (MS or B5 salts). Physical state (agar solidified or the liquid suspension) of the medium had significant effect on all the parameters particular on fresh wt, alkaloid content and yields. Although, the fresh wt. and dry wt. of biomass in suspension culture was 2-3 times less than that of callus obtained from agar medium. However, the alkaloid content and yield was 2-3 times higher in suspension culture compared to agar medium in similar treatments. The highest alkaloid content observed was 5.67mg/g dwt in B5 suspension medium containing 3% sucrose and modified with 0.5mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) + 1 mg/l Kinetin (KIN) + 2mg/l α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The combined effects of these factors on the enhanced production of total alkaloids were expected to contain higher yield of anticancer vinblastine and vincristine in the cell suspension culture system.

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Medium pH to Enhance Alkaloid Production from Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Culture

“…Successful establishment of callus was induced only from leaf segments as other explants were not successful. Induction of callus was achieved by culturing 1 cm 2 as described earlier [31][32][33].…”

“…Induction and proliferation of callus from leaf explants was achieved as described by [31][32][33]. The callus grown on agar medium was harvested after 4-weeks of sub-culture.…”

Carbohydrates stimulated Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis inLeucojum aestivumL. plants cultured in RITA®bioreactor

“…In the studies on Arnica montana hairy root cultures, the influence of sucrose and glucose was found to be favourable for the production of flavonoids (Wang & Weathers, 2007). The addition of glucose increased the total alkaloid yield in the Catharanthus roseus cell culture (Mishra, Srivastava & Akhtar, 2018). The level of artemisinin in the hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua was twice when the medium was supplemented with fructose than with sucrose (Wang & Weathers, 2007).…”

Development of a Cell Suspension Culture System for Promoting Alkaloid and Vinca Alkaloid Biosynthesis Using Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Local Catharanthus roseus

“…The total triterpene production was found to be optimal when Eriobotrya japonica cells were cultured in MS medium instead of B5 or N6 medium [6]. A culture medium supplemented with mannitol and sucrose was found to stimulate the synthesis of total alkaloids as well as catharanthine, serpentine and ajmalicine in C. roseus cells [7,8]. When suspension cells were fed with loganin and tryptamine, a 17.73-fold increase in strictosidine and a 6.4-fold increase in ajmalicine were obtained [9].…”