Enhanced biomass burning as a source of aerosol ammonium over cities in central China in autumn

Xiao, Hong Wei; Wu, Jing; Luo, Li; Xie, Yuliang; Xiao, Huang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115278

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…+ (Pan et al, 2016;Pan et al, 2018a;Pan et al, 2018b;Berner and Felix, 2020;Xiao et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020c) to resolve measured δ 15 N(NH 3 ) value or initial δ 15 N (NH 3 ) value derived from δ 15 N(NH 4 + ) value in urban atmosphere. Other studies have assumed four main sources of NH 3 or NH 4…”

Section: Source Categories and Their Isotopic Composition Values In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their study and an earlier study from Felix et al (2014) highlighted the importance of fossil fuel related sources (e.g., vehicular exhaust, NH 3 slip from Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) equipped power plants, and coal combustion) based on isotope-based source apportionment of δ 15 N(NH 4 + ) and δ 15 N(NH 3 ) values, respectively. Thereafter a number of studies suggested that fossil fuel related sources may be an important source of NH 4 + and NH 3 in urban atmosphere in China based on source apportionment of δ 15 N(NH 4 + ) values (Liu et al, 2018;Pan et al, 2018a;Wu et al, 2019a;Wu et al, 2019b;Bhattarai et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Xiao et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020c) and δ 15 N(NH 3 ) values (Chang et al, 2016;Chang et al, 2019;Bhattarai et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020a;Zhang et al, 2020b), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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δ15N-stable isotope analysis of NHx: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

Bhattarai

Pan

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Agricultural sources and non-agricultural emissions contribute to gaseous ammonia (NH 3) that plays a vital role in severe haze formation. Qualitative and quantitative contributions of these sources to ambient PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter below 2.5 µm) concentrations remains uncertain. Stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ 15 N) of NH 3 and NH 4 + (δ 15 N(NH 3) and δ 15 N(NH 4 +), respectively) can yield valuable information about its sources and associated processes. This review provides an overview of the recent progress in analytical techniques for δ 15 N(NH 3) and δ 15 N(NH 4 +) measurement, sampling of atmospheric NH 3 and NH 4 + in the ambient air and their sources signature (e.g., agricultural vs. fossil fuel), and isotope-based source apportionment of NH 3 in urban atmosphere. This study highlights that collecting sample that are fully representative of emission sources remains a challenge in fingerprinting δ 15 N(NH 3) values of NH 3 emission sources. Furthermore, isotopic fractionation during NH 3 gas-to-particle conversion under varying ambient field conditions (e.g., relative humidity, particle pH, temperature) remains unclear, which indicates more field and laboratory studies to validate theoretically predicted isotopic fractionation are required. Thus, this study concludes that lack of refined δ 15 N(NH 3) fingerprints and full understanding of isotopic fractionation during aerosol formation in a laboratory and field conditions is a limitation for isotope-based source apportionment of NH 3. More experimental work (in chamber studies) and theoretical estimations in combinations of field verification are necessary in characterizing isotopic fractionation under various environmental and atmospheric neutralization conditions, which would help to better interpret isotopic data and our understanding on NH x (NH 3 + NH 4 +) dynamics in the atmosphere.

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Section: Source Categories and Their Isotopic Composition Values In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

δ15N-stable isotope analysis of NHx: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

Bhattarai

Pan

Tian

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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“…Given the isotopic information, atmospheric NH 4 + likely resulted from several activities. The fertilizer volatilization is assumed to be a key factor for atmospheric NH 4 + (Xiao et al, 2020). In the Indian Subcontinent, a significant amount of chemical fertilizer, e.g., urea, NH 4 Cl, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , is intensively applied to enhance the yield.…”

Section: The Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though low-level application of chemical fertilizer, the rapid and active production from peatland could contribute to atmospheric NO x . Emissions from the biomass burning, e.g., rice straw burning after harvesting (Bagtasa et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2020) and forest/peatland fire events induced from high temperature and accidents (Kumar et al, 2019;Szép et al, 2019), are also an unneglectable source for atmospheric NO x . Coupled with west wind driven by the Walker Circulation, the terrestrial NO x is easily delivered into the equatorial WPO.…”

Section: Wet Deposition N In the Wpomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen in Atmospheric Wet Depositions Over the East Indian Ocean and West Pacific Ocean: Spatial Variability, Source Identification, and Potential Influences

et al. 2021

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Atmospheric deposition is the dominant pathway for the loading of exogenous nitrogen (N) to open ocean. Here, rainwater samples were collected from 31 stations in the equatorial East Indian Ocean (EIO) and West Pacific Ocean (WPO) to explore the spatial variability of N species, potential sources, and related ecological influences. Among two oceans, nitrate (NO3–) and ammonium (NH4+) were the main components in the rainwater N inventory. NO3– concentrations varied from 0.19 to 100.5 μM, whereas NH4+ concentrations ranged from 0.54 to 110.6 μM. Among all stations, low concentrations of NO3– and NH4+ appeared in the remote ocean, whereas high concentrations were observed at the stations near the Malacca Strait and New Guinea, coupled with an enhancement of non-sea salt major ions, e.g., calcium ions (Ca2+) and sulfate (SO42–), revealing the influence from coastal human activities, such as coal and gasoline combustion. In the remote ocean, δ15N–NH4+ ranged from −5.7 to −9.3‰, whereas it dropped to -15.5‰ near coasts. A logarithmic decay between δ15N–NH4+ and NH4+ concentrations in rainwater samples was obtained, suggesting a shift from natural source (seawater emission) in oceanic precipitation events to anthropogenic source (chemical fertilizer volatilization and vehicle exhaust) in coastal rainwaters. δ15N–NO3– in the remote ocean varied between −1.7 and 0.4‰ with low levels found in the WPO, likely related to the ascending air flow driven by the Walker Circulation. In coastal oceans, δ15N–NO3– ranged from 1.5 to 3.5‰. The linkage between δ15N–NO3– and NO3– concentrations varied in two oceans, resulting from difference in biological and fossil fuel combustion contributions. Compared with ocean surface water, N in the rainwater was markedly enriched, suggesting that N from atmospheric wet depositions could rapidly enhance the dissolved N availability in ocean surface water. However, the N redundancy according to the Redfield–Brzezinski ratio (N:Si:P = 16:16:1) in the rainwater might benefit from the growth of N-preference phytoplankton species and microbes. As the first study on N concentrations, sources, and stoichiometry balance in rainwater over the equatorial WPO and EIO, the results could be a support to the global N budget estimation and oceanic primary production modeling.

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“…Previous studies have shown that NH 3 is largely emitted from biomass burning [49], and there is also active secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation in the plume of biomass burning. Xiao (2020) measured a stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ 15 N) of aerosol NH 4 + in central China [50]. NH 4 + concentration increased as the temperature decreased close to winter, whereas the δ 15 N did not show this pattern.…”

Section: Correlations Of Pm 25 Components With Pm 25 Mass and Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Characteristics of PM2.5 Measured in Downtown and Suburban Areas of a Medium-Sized City in South Korea

et al. 2021

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Chuncheon, a medium-sized city in South Korea, frequently shows high PM2.5 concentrations despite scarce anthropogenic emission sources. To identify factors increasing PM2.5 concentrations, PM2.5 and its major chemical components were concurrently measured at two different sites, namely, downtown and suburban areas. The average PM2.5 concentrations at the two sites were similar, but the daily and monthly variations in PM2.5 and its components were significantly larger at the suburban site. NH4+ was significantly higher at the suburban site than at the downtown site, whereas organic carbon (OC) showed the opposite trend. Several PM2.5 samples showed an abrupt increase during winter at the suburban site, along with an increase in the amount of OC, NH4+, and K+, and the correlations between water-soluble OC, K+, and NH4+ were considerably strong, implying that local biomass burning in the suburban site was an important source of high PM2.5 episodes. Secondary OC (SOC) concentration was generally lower at the suburban site than at the downtown site, but its contribution to OC increased during winter with an increase in relative humidity, indicating the significance of heterogeneous SOC formation reactions at the suburban site. These results indicate that relevant local measures can be put into place to alleviate the occurrence of high PM2.5 concentration episodes even in medium-sized residential cities where medium-and long-range transport is anticipated to be significant.

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Enhanced biomass burning as a source of aerosol ammonium over cities in central China in autumn

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

δ15N-stable isotope analysis of NHx: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

δ15N-stable isotope analysis of NHx: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

Nitrogen in Atmospheric Wet Depositions Over the East Indian Ocean and West Pacific Ocean: Spatial Variability, Source Identification, and Potential Influences

Different Characteristics of PM2.5 Measured in Downtown and Suburban Areas of a Medium-Sized City in South Korea

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