Enhanced catalytic conversion of palm oil into biofuels by Cr-incorporated sulphated zirconia

Utami, Maisari; Safitri, Resti; Pradipta, Mokhammad Fajar; Wijaya, Karna; Chang, Soon Woong; Ravindran, Balasubramani; Ovi, Debnath; Ramalingam, R. Jothi; Poudineh, Neda; Gengan, Robert Moonsamy

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131472

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The absorption peaks at 995-1003, 1049-1096, 1134-1157, and 1227 cm −1 are S-O symmetric vibrations, S-O asymmetric vibrations, S=O symmetry vibrations, and S=O asymmetric vibrations [34][35][36]. The peak with low intensity in the area of 1404 cm −1 is the stretching vibration of S=O, indicating the formation of SO 3 species on the surface of ZrO 2 [37]. The presence of characteristic bands of ZrO 2 -SO 4 proves that the impregnation of H 2 SO 4 on ZrO 2 has been successfully carried out.…”

Section: Functional Group Characterization For Zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 96%

“…SZ-0.8-600 catalyst with the highest total acidity showed the lowest monoclinic peak intensity. The addition of a high concentration of H 2 SO 4 causes a large number of SO 4 2− ions to cover the surface of ZrO 2 , decreasing crystallinity [37,38]. The intensities of the monoclinic peaks at temperatures of 800 and 900 • C were higher than those at 600 and 700 • C. This occurred because the high calcination temperature caused SO 4 2− ions to decompose from the catalyst surface, increasing the crystallinity of the catalyst.…”

Section: Zro 2 -So 4 Crystal Structure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The use of too high a concentration of H 2 SO 4 can lead to loss of several absorption bands of the SO 4 2− ion which is covalently bonded to Zr 4+ cations as the ZrO 2 structure is degraded [9,37]. Such a case implies that an appropriate or optimum concentration of H 2 SO 4 is needed for the ZrO 2 activation process.…”

Section: Functional Group Characterization For Zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the Pt/ZrO 2 -SO 4 catalyst showed stable activity until the tenth cycle. The Pt/ZrO 2 -SO 4 catalyst showed high resistance to the deactivation related to the removal of coke from the catalyst surface, thus increasing the stability of the catalyst [36,37].…”

Section: Stability Test Of Pt/zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Sulfated Nanozirconia as a Solid Acid Catalyst in the Hydrocracking Reaction

et al. 2022

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Zirconia has advantageous thermal stability and acid–base properties. The acidity character of ZrO2 can be enhanced through the sulfation process forming sulfated zirconia (ZrO2-SO4). An acidity test of the catalyst produced proved that the sulfate loading succeeded in increasing the acidity of ZrO2 as confirmed by the presence of characteristic absorptions of the sulfate group from the FTIR spectra of the catalyst. The ZrO2-SO4 catalyst can be further modified with transition metals, such as Platinum (Pt), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) to increase catalytic activity and catalyst stability. It was observed that variations in the concentrations of Pt, Cr, and Ni produced a strong influence on the catalytic activity as the acidity and porosity of the catalyst increased with their addition. The activity, selectivity, and catalytic stability tests of Pt/ZrO2-SO4, Cr/ZrO2-SO4 and Ni/ZrO2-SO4 were carried out with their application in the hydrocracking reaction to produce liquid fuel. The percentage of liquid fractions produced using these catalysts were higher than the fraction produced using pure ZrO2 and ZrO2-SO4 catalyst.

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Section: Functional Group Characterization For Zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Zro 2 -So 4 Crystal Structure Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Functional Group Characterization For Zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Test Of Pt/zro 2 -Somentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Sulfated Nanozirconia as a Solid Acid Catalyst in the Hydrocracking Reaction

et al. 2022

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“…75 As a result, hydrocracking took place efficiently, thus leading to high CPO conversion. According to Utami et al 76 the transition metal, in this case, zirconium, had a Lewis acid feature that could promote the cracking process of longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones. The active site that adsorbed the hydrogen atom of H 2 gas was subsequently transferred into the compound to be cracked down and later would eventually be replaced with a hydrocarbon molecule through the cracking reaction catalyzed by the Brønsted acid site on the catalyst.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of crude palm oil to a biofuel using zirconium nitride and zirconium phosphide-modified bentonite

et al. 2022

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Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

Purnama,

Trisunaryanti,

Wijaya

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Numerous concerns, including environmental impact and public health issues, drive the urgent need to replace nonrenewable fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, with biomass emerging as a viable alternative globally. In this comprehensive review, the urgent need to transition from nonrenewable fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is addressed, focusing on biomass as a global alternative. It examines the role of zirconium‐based catalysts in converting biomass into biofuels and hydrogen. Various biomass extraction methods based on the thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrocracking, and steam reforming) are explored, including their merits and limitations. Additionally, the properties of zirconium‐based catalysts and their catalytic efficiency in biomass conversion are assessed, highlighting the factors influencing their performance. In this literature review, the promising potential of zirconium‐based catalysts in enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of global biofuel production from biomass is revealed. It underscores the critical role of biomass as a renewable energy source and highlights the significance of zirconium‐based catalysts in advancing sustainable biofuel production. It offers insights into addressing environmental concerns, promoting public health, and supporting the global transition toward renewable energy solutions.

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Enhanced catalytic conversion of palm oil into biofuels by Cr-incorporated sulphated zirconia

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Recent Progress on Sulfated Nanozirconia as a Solid Acid Catalyst in the Hydrocracking Reaction

Recent Progress on Sulfated Nanozirconia as a Solid Acid Catalyst in the Hydrocracking Reaction

Hydrocracking of crude palm oil to a biofuel using zirconium nitride and zirconium phosphide-modified bentonite

Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

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