Enhanced cryopreservation performance of PVA grafted monolayer graphite oxide with synergistic antifreezing effect and rapid rewarming

Profiling the Morphology Effects of MoS2 Nanomaterials on Ice Suppression and Rapid Rewarming for Cryopreservation

“…Microscopy images showed the typical freezing process of water droplets (0.2 μL) without and with three morphologies of MoS 2 nanomaterials when the temperature was reduced and the cooling rate was 5 °C/min (Figure S3). The morphological changes of ice crystals during the cooling process could cause mechanical damage to the cells during the freezing process. , Therefore, we explored the morphological changes in ice crystals during the cooling process. As shown in Figure S4, during the cooling process of MoS 2 MSs with different concentrations, sharp ice appeared in the solution without MoS 2 MSs, and as the concentration of MoS 2 MSs increased, the edge of the ice became rounded and smooth.…”

“…The morphological changes of ice crystals during the cooling process could cause mechanical damage to the cells during the freezing process. 21,46 Therefore, we explored the morphological changes in ice crystals during the cooling process. As shown in Figure S4 nanomaterials with different shapes during the rewarming process are directly displayed in Figure S5.…”

“…Preferential binding to ice crystals on the surface of AFPs resulted in a local increase in surface curvature of the ice, which could inhibit ice crystal growth and recrystallization. , Unfortunately, the poor stability, low yield, and high cost of AFPs have limited their widespread application. However, inspired by the antifreeze mechanism of AFPs, a variety of polymer systems [e.g., poly­(vinyl alcohol), polyampholytes, and carbohydrates] and nanomaterials have been reported as AFP simulation materials and applied to the cryopreservation of various biological samples. ,− In particular, with the vigorous development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials and engineering strategies are being applied to explore the regulation of ice crystals, thereby reducing the mechanical damage of ice to biological samples and improving the efficiency of cryopreservation. ,,− Wang et al found that graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets not only effectively inhibited the growth and recrystallization of ice crystals but also modified the morphology of ice crystals, which was attributed to the preferential adsorption of GO on the surface of ice crystals . They also found that oxidized quasi-carbon–nitrogen quantum dots (OQCNs) preferentially adsorbed to the surface of ice crystals and inhibited the growth of ice crystals due to the Kelvin effect .…”

Probing the Size Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on Ice Crystal Regulation and Laser-Assisted Rapid Rewarming

“…33−36 icing materials. [26][27][28][29][30]37 For example, Wang et al studied the inhibitory effect of graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSs) on ice crystals in cell cryopreservation and found that GO NSs could be adsorbed onto the surface of ice crystals and played a critical role in modifying the morphology of ice crystals and controlling the growth of ice crystals. 26 In addition, GO NSs and MOS 2 nanosheets also exhibited significant photothermal effects under near-infrared irradiation and were successfully applied to the rapid recovery of frozen cells, improving cell survival.…”

“…With the rapid development of materials science and nanotechnology, some researchers have devoted effort to exploring novel deicing nanomaterials for cell cryopreservation, including carbon dots, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), , two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, − and other nanomaterials. , Among them, 2D nanomaterials have a wide range of applications in the fields of energy and biology due to their unique structure (functional groups and large specific surface area) and excellent catalytic and optical properties. − Recently, 2D materials have attracted more attention in the field of cell cryopreservation among these anti-icing materials. − , For example, Wang et al studied the inhibitory effect of graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSs) on ice crystals in cell cryopreservation and found that GO NSs could be adsorbed onto the surface of ice crystals and played a critical role in modifying the morphology of ice crystals and controlling the growth of ice crystals . In addition, GO NSs and MOS 2 nanosheets also exhibited significant photothermal effects under near-infrared irradiation and were successfully applied to the rapid recovery of frozen cells, improving cell survival .…”