Enhanced Crystal Stabilities of ε-CL-20 via Core-Shell Structured Energetic Composites

Zhang, Honglei; Jiao, Qingze; Zhao, Wenji; Guo, Xueyong; Li, Dayong; Sun, Xiaole

doi:10.3390/app10082663

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Polydopamine (PDA) coating has attracted much attention in the past decade due to the strong adhesive attachment of PDA to various surfaces under ambient conditions [ 20 , 39 , 56 ]. Gong, He and Lin conducted a series of studies [ 34 , 35 , 52 , 54 , 57 ] on in situ polymerization of dopamine for typical explosive crystals including cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), TATB and CL-20. The schematic for the preparation of core–shell structured TATB composites and the supposed interactions between TATB, PDA and fluoropolymer are illustrated in Figure 2 b.…”

Section: Preparation Methods For Csesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( a , b ) Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence ( , accessed on 19 August 2021). ( a ) Reproduced with permission [ 57 ]. Copyright 2020, MDPI.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase transition of CL-20 (ε→γ) under thermal stimulation leads to an expansion in volume, which may stimulate hot spots and lead to explosive deflagration [115,116]. Inspired by the strong chemical adhesion of mussels, PDA was adopted to construct CL-20-based CSEs [57]. As shown in Figure 10a, the PDA coating has a remarkable improvement effect on the phase transition temperature of CL-20.…”

Section: Cses Based On Other Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

Duan¹,

Li²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Weak interfacial interactions remain a bottleneck for composite materials due to their weakened performance and restricted applications. The development of core–shell engineering shed light on the preparation of compact and intact composites with improved interfacial interactions. This review addresses how core–shell engineering has been applied to energetic materials, with emphasis upon how micro-energetic materials, the most widely used particles in the military field, can be generated in a rational way. The preparation methods of core–shell structured explosives (CSEs) developed in the past few decades are summarized herein. Case studies on polymer-, explosive- and novel materials-based CSEs are presented in terms of their compositions and physical properties (e.g., thermal stability, mechanical properties and sensitivity). The mechanisms behind the dramatic and divergent properties of CSEs are also clarified. A glimpse of the future in this area is given to show the potential for CSEs and some suggestions regarding the future research directions are proposed.

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Section: Preparation Methods For Csesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cses Based On Other Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

Duan¹,

Li²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…Core-shell copolymers, both organic and inorganic, are very promising materials for several applications in the near future. Specifically, they can enhance the stability of crystal structures [62] and the responsiveness of sensors [63]. In addition, they increase the reaction activity of composite catalysts [64], have contributed to greener syntheses using natural plant products [65] and can also be very useful in magnetic applications [66].…”

Section: Outcome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of a Core-Shell Copolymer with Different Glass Transition Temperatures

Goulis

Kartsonakis

Charitidis

2020

Fibers

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The aim of this study is to synthesize an organic core-shell co-polymer with a different glass transition temperature (Tg) between the core and the shell that can be used for several applications such as the selective debonding of coatings or the release of encapsulated materials. The co-polymer was synthesized using free radical polymerization and was characterized with respect to its morphology, composition and thermal behavior. The obtained results confirmed the successful synthesis of the co-polymer copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)@poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), PMMA@P(MAA-co-EGDMA), which can be used along with water-based solvents. Furthermore, the Tg of the polymer’s core PMMA was 104 °C, while the Tg of the shell P(MAA-co-EGDMA) was 228 °C, making it appropriate for a wide variety of applications. It is worth mentioning that by following this specific experimental procedure, methacrylic acid was copolymerized in water, as the shell of the copolymer, without forming a gel-like structure (hydrogel), as happens when a monomer is polymerized in aqueous media, such as in the case of super-absorbent polymers. Moreover, the addition and subsequent polymerization of the monomer methyl methacrylate (MAA) into the mixture of the already polymerized PMMA resulted in a material that was uniform in size, without any agglomerations or sediments.

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“…Zhang et al performed an analogous study that concentrated on the fabrication of a urea–formaldehyde resin to coat HMX and CL-20 crystals . Besides, in recent years, bio-enlightened by the powerful chemical stickiness of the component of mussel protein, a sample in situ as well as efficient polymerization of the active dopamine method was selected to modify EMs, such as 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, ,, RDX, HMX, ,, CL-20, − and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide. , From a series of research works on the polydopamine (PDA) shell layer, it is concluded that the uniform PDA coating shell dispersed on the surface of explosives was rough and compact and exhibited a stronger interfacial interaction. Furthermore, the thermal stability and sensitivity properties of composites were also improved remarkably, and the mechanical properties of explosives@PDA used in PBXs were also enhanced .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic-Inspired One-Step Strategy for Improvement of Interfacial Interactions in Cellulose Nanofibers by Modification of the Surface of Nitramine Explosives

et al. 2021

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Recently, a burgeoning category of biocompatible botanically derived nanomaterial cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) has captured tremendous attention on account of its entangled nanostructured network, natural abundance, and outstanding mechanical properties. Biomimetically inspired by the superior properties of CNFs, this paper examined them as the coating material to cover cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) via a facile water suspension method and the ultrasonic technology. The core−shell structure and the composition of energetic crystal@CNF were examined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The obtained outcomes demonstrated that the dispersibility of the CNF enhanced favorably upon covering the surface of explosive crystals; the interfacial contact ability between CNFs and energetic crystals was also manifested to be increased, which could be ascribed to the interfacial interaction of hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic force of self-assembly. In addition, the stable crystalloid construction of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 has been preserved positively in the preparation process. In comparison with raw explosives, the thermal stability and sensitivity performances of the core−shell structure composites were outstanding. Accordingly, this work demonstrated the rewarding application of coating CNFs uniformly on the surface of energetic crystals, ulteriorly offering a potential fabrication strategy for the embellishment of high-explosive crystals.

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Enhanced Crystal Stabilities of ε-CL-20 via Core-Shell Structured Energetic Composites

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

The Art of Framework Construction: Core–Shell Structured Micro-Energetic Materials

Synthesis and Characterization of a Core-Shell Copolymer with Different Glass Transition Temperatures

Biomimetic-Inspired One-Step Strategy for Improvement of Interfacial Interactions in Cellulose Nanofibers by Modification of the Surface of Nitramine Explosives

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