Enhanced Delivery of Phyllanthus Niruri Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Prostate cancer is ranked second leading cause of cancer death, globally. Conventional treatment strategies hold very limited scope as cancer advances in grade. Treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy possess adverse side effects which lead us to explore the natural products as anticancer agents. The main aim of present work is to bring together the advantages of ayurvedic formulations with that of modern nanotechnology. Phyllanthus niruri is an ayurvedic plant that has shown its potential as an effective anticancer agent in prostate cancer and its ability as an effective apoptosis inducer as well as an antimetastatic agent in cancer cells. In order to increase the bioavailability of P. niruri extract, stable nanoparticles were prepared and its effect was studied. Size analysis by DLS and SEM revealed the average size of nanoparticles prepared was 150 ± 50 nm. In vitro haemolysis and coagulation assay confirmed the blood biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity showed concentration and time dependent toxicity on prostate cancer cells with cell viability of 35% with maximum concentration in 48 hrs.The prepared nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in clonogenity and wound healing capacity. On the whole the above characteristics of P. niruri nanoparticles make it a valuable candidate for prostate cancer therapy.

Advances in Phytonanotechnology: A Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus Plant Extracts and Their Antimicrobial and Anticancer Applications

“…A study by Unni and coworkers (2014) [120] reported the synthesis of Phyllanthus niruri nanoparticles (P. nir-NPs). The nanoparticles were synthesized from whole plant methanol extract using the precipitation method, with the reaction solution containing 20 percent extract to reduce the hydrophobicity of the extract.…”

Chelerythrine and Fe3O4 Loaded Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Cancer Therapy

“…20 mL of CHE solution (150 g/mL) was then added into the activated nanocomposites and left standing at 35 C for another 6 h. Finally, the Fe 3 O 4 /MWNTs-CHE nanocomposites were collected by magnet, followed by washing twice with deionized water. All the supernatants were collected and Fe 3 …”

“…[1][2][3][4] A major problem in cancer therapy is the lack of specificity for chemotherapeutic drugs. Large doses of chemotherapeutic drug have often been associated with a large number of inadequacies such as nonselective distribution, resistance, enhanced cytotoxicity and some side-effects to normal tissues, which limit their clinical application.…”

“…It may because that the Fe 3 O 4 /MWNTs-CHE nanocomposites released CHE slowly, which could avoid local CHE concentration too high to promote less normal cell apoptosis.Flow Cytometry Analysis of Cell ApoptosisThe cell apoptosis induced by CHE, Fe3 O 4 /MWNTs and Fe 3 O 4 /MWNTs-CHE nanocomposites were tested on the HepG2 and LO2 cells using flow cytometry analysis. The anti-tumor efficiency of the native CHE were investigated by incubating both HepG2 and LO2 cells with CHE (16 mg/L) and Fe 3 O 4 /MWNTs-CHE nanocomposites (480 mg/L) for 48 h, respectively.…”

Hemoglobin-Loaded Triblock PCLA-PEG-PCLA Copolymer Vesicles: A Potential Oxygen Carrier

“…10 When compared with liposomes, the polymeric vesicles have several advantages, such as enhanced stability, lower permeability, membrane thickness, surface functionality and degradation kinetics. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Numerous block copolymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic block lengths have been synthesized to fabricate polymeric vesicles, such and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (PEG-PLA), which were used as potential oxygen nanocarriers. 17 It has also been revealed by oxygen-binding assays that the encapsulation process does not affect the binding properties of Hb, and in addition, the polymeric membrane does not increase the Hb oxidation.…”