Enhanced design of visible light communication sensor for automotive applications: Experimental demonstration of a 130 meters link

Căilean, Alin-Mihai; Dimian, Mihai; Done, Adrian

doi:10.23919/glc.2018.8319100

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is a very important aspect, because, in other works, custom made VLC emitters having different characteristics are used. Usually, these custom made traffic lights have powers that are significantly higher than the ones that are specified in the traffic equipment standards [32]; they are using a significantly higher number of LEDs to enable MIMO communications with camera-based VLC receivers [60] or they have a modified light radiation pattern. All of these modifications enable such systems to achieve enhanced performances in terms of communication distances, data rates, and bit error ratio (BER).…”

Section: Discussion On the Design Of The Vlc Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the novelty of this article comes from a more realistic approach on addressing the design of automotive VLC systems. In most of the existing works, custom made VLC emitters are used to demonstrate the potential of the technology [21,32], although they do not comply with the lighting requirements. Thus, in the real-world scenario, comparable results are rather difficult to be reproduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the real-world scenario, comparable results are rather difficult to be reproduced. Regarding the VLC sensors, most of the existing works report performances achieved under narrow field of view (FOV) conditions [16,32,33]. Although a narrow FOV VLC sensor is fully justified, as this approach significantly reduces the amount of parasitic light incident on the photosensitive element, the mobility of the system is reduced (especially in short range conditions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Intensive Experimental Evaluation of an Enhanced Visible Light Communication System for Automotive Applications

Avatamanitei

Căilean

Done

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

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As the interest toward communication-based vehicle safety applications is increasing, the development of secure wireless communication techniques has become an important research area. In this context, the article addresses issues that are related to the use of the visible light communication (VLC) technology in vehicular applications. Thus, it provides an extensive presentation concerning the main challenges and issues that are associated to vehicular VLC applications and of some of the existing VLC solutions. Moreover, the article presents the aspects related to the design and intensive experimental evaluation of a new automotive VLC system. The experimental evaluation performed in indoor and outdoor conditions shows that the proposed system can achieve communication distances up to 50 m and bit error ratio (BER) lower than 10−6, while being exposed to optical and weather perturbations. This article provides important evidence concerning the snowfall effect on middle to long range outdoor VLC, as the proposed VLC system was also evaluated in snowfall conditions. Accordingly, the experimental evaluation showed that snowfall and heavy gust could increase bit error rate by up to 10,000 times. Even so, this article provides encouraging evidence that VLC systems will soon be able to reliably support V2X communications.

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Section: Discussion On the Design Of The Vlc Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Intensive Experimental Evaluation of an Enhanced Visible Light Communication System for Automotive Applications

Avatamanitei

Căilean

Done

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…A novel image-sensor-based optical wireless communication system was proposed by Takai et al [13], for which they claimed a data rate of 15 Mbps per pixel with 16.6 ms real-time LED detection for automotive applications. In [14], a novel VLC system that could communicate over a 130 m link between a traffic light and a vehicle was presented. The authors used a phototransistor for improved sensitivity and a transimpedance amplifier circuit to reduce noise.…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning for Optical Vehicular Communication

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we consider the current status and technical issues involved in the use of optical camera communication (OCC)/visible light communication (VLC) technologies in vehicular communication systems. Hybrid spatial phase-shift keying was introduced in IEEE 802.15.7-2018 as the standard hybrid modulation scheme for vehicular OCC/VLC systems. We herein propose a functional communication system architecture for vehicular systems based on this hybrid waveform, and we also present state-of-the-art research work on an artificial intelligence-(AI-) based vehicular OCC system. Every AI module within the proposed system architecture is discussed in detail. Finally, our experimental procedures and results are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system over a complex channel model in a vehicular environment. We effectively employed the popular You Only Look Once version 2 object detection algorithm for real-time region-of-interest tracking in city driving (at a vehicular velocity of around 30 km/h and highway night driving (at a vehicular velocity of > 60 km/h) scenarios. Moreover, our novel neural-network-based decoder and AI-based error correction proved effective in improving the data decoding accuracy, resulting in a best-case reduction of 2.2 and 9.0 dB, respectively, in the signal-to-noise ratio needed to achieve the desired bit error rate of 10 −4 in a vehicular OCC/VLC system. INDEX TERMS Visible light communication (VLC), light-emitting diode (LED), image sensor (IS),Deep Learning, optical camera communication (OCC).

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“…With all the improvement that are happening in fields of LED's and laser diodes' (LDs') technologies, this distance may increase again. For example, an experimental demonstration of a 130‐meter link is reported in the work of Căilean et al This depends on the transmitter's optical power, the overall sensitivity of the receiver, and impairment sources present in the environment. Vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications …”

Section: Prominent Outdoor Vlc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

Ndjiongue

Ferreira

2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In visible light communication (VLC) technology, the outdoor applications are less explored when compared to those indoors. This is due to the fact that: (1) the dual use of light‐emitting diodes is not always practicable in the outdoor VLC environment; (2) the level of interference and noise is considerably higher in outdoor VLC; (3) many other communication technologies are available to be used which, due to their specific characteristics, adapt better to the outdoor environment when compared to VLC technology. Nevertheless, several outdoor VLC applications have been identified. They include and are not limited to building‐to‐building, vehicle‐to‐vehicle, and road‐to‐vehicle communications. Deploying light fidelity (Li‐Fi) using street and park lights is also feasible. Finally, some applications exploit the ability of solar panels to simultaneously harvest the electrical energy and serve as a VLC receiving antenna. The implementation of these communication systems faces lots of challenges. Most of them are related to environmental factors such as fog, rain, sunlight, haze, snow, dust, and atmospheric disturbances. Some challenges are based on parameters such as the geometrical aspect of the light diffusion, which is Lambertian in most cases. These challenges contribute to lower interest in outdoor VLC to date. However, the environment presents several opportunities. In this article, we explore the outdoor VLC environment, review, and present some promising applications selected from the literature. Furthermore, we underline likely research opportunities based on the actual state‐of‐the‐art and our outdoor VLC characterization experiments.

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Enhanced design of visible light communication sensor for automotive applications: Experimental demonstration of a 130 meters link

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Design and Intensive Experimental Evaluation of an Enhanced Visible Light Communication System for Automotive Applications

Design and Intensive Experimental Evaluation of an Enhanced Visible Light Communication System for Automotive Applications

Deep Learning for Optical Vehicular Communication

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

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