Enhanced ectopic bone formation by strontium-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics through regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis

Abstract

To explore how strontium influenced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis during material-induced ectopic bone formation, porous strontium-substituted BCP (Sr-BCP) and BCP ceramics with equivalent pore structure, comparable grain size and porosity were...

Flowerbed-Inspired Biomimetic Scaffold with Rapid Internal Tissue Infiltration and Vascularization Capacity for Bone Repair

“…To improve the bioactivity of organic/inorganic hybrid scaffolds, growth factors, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and VEGF, are incorporated into the scaffolds that regulate cell growth, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. But the growth factors are particularly expensive and have limited stability; thus, small molecule drugs (dexamethasone, deferoxamine) and trace functional elements (Sr, Mg) with similar functions have become available alternatives. , Therefore, the requirements of artificial bone were expected to focus on the following aspects: (1) Individualized shapes could be manufactured to match with the defect site, and the hierarchical microstructure was included to mimic ECM structures for allowing nutrient transport and facilitating bone tissue growth. (2) A suitable mechanical property and degradation rate were required to provide structural support for bone remodeling.…”

“…56 Compared with the natural polymers, the mechanical property of synthetic polymers is relatively improved and is tunable by changing the molecular weight and molecular structure, but they have poor hydrophilicity and lack cell recognition signals, which leads to poor cell adhesion. 57 As a result, the composites of organic and inorganic components are designed to enhance the 58,59 Therefore, the requirements of artificial bone were expected to focus on the following aspects: (1) Individualized shapes could be manufactured to match with the defect site, and the hierarchical microstructure was included to mimic ECM structures for allowing nutrient transport and facilitating bone tissue growth. (2) A suitable mechanical property and degradation rate were required to provide structural support for bone remodeling.…”

Strontium-substituted phosphate-based glass exhibits improved and optimized bioactive in vitro and in vivo responses

“…Sr affects the enhancement of osteogenic activity and inhibition of in ammatory response. Previous studies have demonstrated that Sr-substituted bioactive glasses can promote osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo via the active release of Sr 2+ [9,12,25]. Recent literature has shown that osteogenic and proin ammatory responses are overlapping stages during healing of the damaged hard tissue and may play an essential role in realizing the effect of bioactive materials [10,26,27].…”

“…Remarkably, Sr ion played a role in the upregulation of RUNX2 and OSX for osteogenic differentiation, and in uenced factors that upregulated OCN, BSP, and OPN, which are essential to form the extracellular matrix [35][36][37]. Based on the existing literature, Sr-substituted calcium phosphate-based materials are known to enhance the stimulation of osteogenic activity due to the effect on Sr 2+ [9,11,38].…”

“…Sr is an essential trace element that exhibits chemical characters similar to those of Ca [7], and shows a dose-dependent response with improved proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells while inhibiting bone resorption [8]. Studies have also demonstrated that Sr released through localized augmentation can in uence complex immunoosteogenic cellular interaction [9,10]. Sr plays an important role in inhibiting a complex interplay of cellular reactions, including macrophage-led phagocytosis associated with the production of in ammatory and chemotactic response [11].…”