LiMnPO4 is an attractive cathode material for the next-generation
high power Li-ion batteries, due to its high theoretical specific
capacity (170 mA h g–1) and working voltage (4.1
V vs Li+/Li). However, two main drawbacks prevent the practical
use of LiMnPO4: its low electronic conductivity and the
limited lithium diffusion rate, which are responsible for the poor
rate capability of the cathode. The electronic resistance is usually
lowered by coating the particles with carbon, while the use of nanosize
particles can alleviate the issues associated with poor ionic conductivity.
It is therefore of primary importance to develop a synthetic route
to LiMnPO4 nanocrystals (NCs) with controlled size and
coated with a highly conductive carbon layer. We report here an effective
surface etching process (using LiPF6) on colloidally synthesized
LiMnPO4 NCs that makes the NCs dispersible in the aqueous
glucose solution used as carbon source for the carbon coating step.
Also, it is likely that the improved exposure of the NC surface to
glucose facilitates the formation of a conductive carbon layer that
is in intimate contact with the inorganic core, resulting in a high
electronic conductivity of the electrode, as observed by us. The carbon
coated etched LiMnPO4-based electrode exhibited a specific
capacity of 118 mA h g–1 at 1C, with a stable cycling
performance and a capacity retention of 92% after 120 cycles at different
C-rates. The delivered capacities were higher than those of electrodes
based on not etched carbon coated NCs, which never exceeded 30 mA
h g–1. The rate capability here reported for the
carbon coated etched LiMnPO4 nanocrystals represents an
important result, taking into account that in the electrode formulation
80% wt is made of the active material and the adopted charge protocol
is based on reasonable fast charge times.