Enhanced electrochromic write–erase efficiency of a device with a novel viologen: 1,1′-bis(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium diperchlorate

Eco-friendly redox mediator gelatin-electrolyte for simplified TiO2-viologen based electrochromic devices

“…3). further injects the electrons into viologen, which level is situated at 0.35 eV vs. NHE [71,72].…”

Synthesis and characterisation of azobenzene-bridged cationic–cationic and neutral–cationic electrochromic materials

“…0.340 V and 0.419 V and at ca. 0.033 V and 0.123 V, which could be attributed to the reduction of bleached dicationic pyridinium salts into monovalent radical cation an then into neutral azopyridinium (Scheme 4) [63,64]. The first reduction peak at ca.…”

“…Aromatic esters have been reported to display electrochromic properties through the formation of anionic radicals via electrochemical reduction [58][59][60][61][62]. Dicationic pyridinium salts, such as the viologens, are extensively used in electrochromic applications by reducing bleached dicationic pyridinium salts into colored monocationic pyridinium salts, and subsequently, into a neutral state [63,64]. Azobenzene-bridged neutral-neutral materials are reported to display good electrochromic properties [60,61].…”

Electrochemical synthesis and electrochromic application of a novel polymer based on carbazole

“…Electrochromic materials have the reversible color change of an electro-active material through an electrochemical oxidative reaction [1][2][3]. These materials, which are able to exhibit color and transmissivity changes upon an electrical effect, and they are envisaged to be applied in a wide range of applications such as smart windows, electronic displays, LED devices and camouflage textiles [4][5][6].…”

“…Then, the named polymer as poly-bis-4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl-3,4-diyloxy thiophene P(B1) was synthesized via electrochemical polymerization both in 0.05 M LiClO 4 supporting electrolyte in AN/BF 3 EtE (1:1, v/v) and an AN/LiClO 4 solvent/electrolyte solution. UV-vis, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR and CV were used for structural characterization. According to the obtained data, the synthesized polymer could be used in electrochromic devices applications.…”