Enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence of /tripropylamine system on indium tin oxide nanoparticle modified transparent electrode

Essential Role of Electrode Materials in Electrochemiluminescence Applications

“…[59] ITO electrodes modified with nanoparticles can lead to an increaseo ft he ECL signal compared to bare electrodes, facilitating the electrochemical oxidation of coreactants. [60] ITO/Au nanoparticles [61] and ITO/ITOn anoparticles [62] were found to be effective in increasing the ECL signali nR u(bpy) 3 2 + /TPrA and QDs/DBAE and TPrA systems, respectively.V ery interestingly, ITO electrodes were useful applied to imaging of nanomaterials that have differentr edox constantso fe lectron transfer (k et ) comparedt oI TO.B asically,a ss howi nF igure 4, nanoparticles deposited on ITOt hat exhibit higher k et for TPrA than ITO can be visualized by aC CD camera, because the emission of ECL signal is diffusion limited around the nanoparticle [63] or by the nanoparticle itself ( Figure 4). [64] However,t his sluggish kinetics on ITO, fore xample the oxidation of the most common TPrA coreactant, typically decreases the efficiency of the ECL generation.…”

“…ITO electrodes modified with nanoparticles can lead to an increase of the ECL signal compared to bare electrodes, facilitating the electrochemical oxidation of coreactants . ITO/Au nanoparticles and ITO/ITO nanoparticles were found to be effective in increasing the ECL signal in Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /TPrA and QDs/DBAE and TPrA systems, respectively. Very interestingly, ITO electrodes were useful applied to imaging of nanomaterials that have different redox constants of electron transfer ( k et ) compared to ITO.…”

Carbon Optically Transparent Electrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

“…The AgNW electrodes exhibited limited transmittance and were limited to reductive–oxidative ECL since the silver electrode itself would oxidize and dissolve at potentials necessary for oxidative–reductive ECL. The FSO-AuNPs-ITO exhibited a higher transmittance, and the FSO surfactant allowed the typically hydrophilic ITO electrode to access the low oxidation potential (LOP) ECL wave for amine coreactants that is observed on hydrophobic electrodes. − Similarly, Huang et al and Benoist et al increased oxidative–reductive ECL intensity by modifying ITO with presynthesized ITO nanoparticles (∼80% at 610 nm) and gold-coated TiO 2 , respectively. Wang et al.…”

Modification of Indium Tin Oxide with Dendrimer-Encapsulated Nanoparticles To Provide Enhanced Stable Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+/Tripropylamine While Preserving Optical Transparency of Indium Tin Oxide for Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence-Based Analyses

“…The ECL technique involves electrogenerated species undergoing electron-transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light in the vicinity of electrode surfaces and has unique advantages over photoluminescence techniques, such as low background and high sensitivity, good temporal and spatial controllability, robustness, versatility, and low cost. − Thus, the ECL technique has been widely used in a variety of analytical applications such as immunoassays, DNA analyses, molecular diagnosis of clinically important compounds (e.g., steroid hormones, thyrotropin, digoxin, etc. ), environmental assays for food and water testing, and detection of chemical/biological warfare agents. − The Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /TPrA system is one of the most frequently used ECL systems in analytical applications due to its good photochemical stability, high ECL quantum yield, and good water solubility. , The use of an ITO electrode in the ECL technique is also attractive in the analytical applications because of its high optical transparency and good electrical conductivity. , However, it has been reported that the ITO electrode exhibited sluggish kinetics for electrochemical reactions of many organic compounds including TPrA, leading to low ECL sensitivity when using the transparent ITO. , Because of the slow kinetics of the electron-transfer process at ITO surfaces, the ITO electrodes have often been modified with various nanoparticles such as Au, Pt, SiO 2 , clay, and ITO nanoparticles for the facilitation of the electron-transfer process. − The surface modification of ITO electrodes with nanoparticles also resulted in the increase of the surface area of electrodes leading to the enhancement of ECL signals …”