Enhanced Electromechanical Brake-by-Wire System Using Sliding Mode Controller

Atia, Mostafa R. A.; Haggag, Salem; Kamal, Ahmed M. M.

doi:10.1115/1.4032484

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The BBW actuator has high nonlinearity and uncertainty due to the changes in environmental and system characteristics (such as temperature changes, pad wear, and nonlinear friction), so the sliding mode variable structure controller with sufficient robustness performance becomes the preferred control method for many researches [27,33,68]. For EHB, Ricardo de Castro designed a switching-σ adaptive mechanism to attenuate the frictional disturbances through continuous sliding mode action.…”

Section: Sliding Mode Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Gong

Yan

et al. 2020

Actuators

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This paper reviews and summarizes the development, key technologies, and application of brake-by-wire (BBW) actuators. BBW is the technology orientation of future vehicle brake system. The main feature of BBW is to replace some of the mechanical and hydraulic components of traditional brake system with electronic control components, and use cables and wires to transmit energy and signals. BBW actuators have outstanding advantages, such as fast response, accurate control, and compact structure. They are easy to integrate with active safety functions and they are easily matched with the regenerative braking systems of electric vehicle. First, this paper summarizes the classification, characteristics, performance, and architecture of BBW actuators. Subsequently, the braking process regulation of vehicle is considered to be the main target, which is summarized from two aspects of actuator regulation and braking force distribution. The state estimation algorithm and control algorithm applied to these actuators are summarized and analyzed, and the development trend, challenges, and schemes of the braking force distribution are proposed. The development and research trend of braking force match strategies between the regenerative brake system and BBW system are also analyzed and summarized. The further electrification and intelligence of vehicle demand BBW's braking force control method and distribution method must have higher control accuracy, stronger robustness, and wider adaptability, and the effects on braking comfort and handling stability must be further discussed.Actuators 2020, 9, 15 2 of 24 new features [2,3]. The additional functions, such as ABS and ESP, require additional devices, such as high-speed solenoid valves, oil return pumps, and return lines. Therefore, the structure of hydraulic brake system is becoming increasingly complex, and the maintenance is also becoming more and more difficult [4,5]. At present, new energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), are developing rapidly and are highly concerned by major automotive manufacturers. However, most electric vehicles still use hydraulic brake system. On the one hand, the electric vehicles cannot use vacuum boosters to provide auxiliary force. The electric hydraulic pump must first be used to increase the hydraulic pressure, and then delivers the high pressure to each wheel. The electric energy needs to be converted and then transmitted multiple times in this process, so the energy utilization efficiency is not high, and there is the potential danger of brake fluid leakage. On the other hand, the hydraulic brake system cannot accurately and independently regulate the braking force, so it cannot be well matched with the regenerative brake system of EV and HEV [6].Actuators 2020, 9, 15 2 of 24 hydraulic brake system is becoming increasingly complex, and the maintenance is also becoming more and more difficult [4,5]. At present, new energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV)...

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Section: Sliding Mode Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Gong

Yan

et al. 2020

Actuators

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“…Hence, the clamping force control has been extensively studied throughout this decade. In general, studies on the clamping force of the EMB primarily focus on force control based on sensors [4,6,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and force estimation without sensors [10,[22][23][24]. Considering the studies on clamping force control, Hoseinnezhad et al proposed a realtime measurement method, and calibrated an EMB characteristic curve based on the method [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clamping force control of electro–mechanical brakes based on driver intentions

Fan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Electro-mechanical brakes (EMBs) are the future of braking systems, particularly in commercial vehicles. Therefore, it is important to design a simple EMB scheme and establish its clamping force control strategy to satisfy the demands of commercial vehicle braking systems. This study proposes a pneumatic disc-brake-based EMB for an electric bus. Its working principle was established, and the system model was analyzed. Subsequently, the hidden Markov models (HMMs) of driver decelerate and brake intentions were built and recognized based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Given the time-consuming behavior of the proposed EMB to eliminate brake clearance due to the leverage effect of the arm and motor performance limitation, a clamping force control strategy factoring in the driver intentions was developed to improve the response performance without changing the structure or size of the EMB. Furthermore, simulation analyses were performed using MATLAB/ Simulink. The results confirmed that under the action of a step and 5 Hz triangular sawtooth signals, the clamping force output from the EMB corresponds well with the target signal. The clamping force gradually increases when approaching the target without overshoot and jitter during the process. The overall clamping force response time is decreased by approximately 0.25 s under the driver emergency brake than the conventional control method. Hence, the response performance of the EMB is improved.

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“…Due to the development of the manufacturing technology of the motor and inverter, many researches are being carried out to improve the performance of EMB. EMB control methods have been studied: clamping force control by cascade connection of position, velocity, and current controller based on PID control [3,4]; clamping force control using sliding mode controller [5]; adaptive sliding mode control using neural network to estimate disturbance [6]; estimation of clamping force considering gear friction [7]; predictive control of clamping force by rotor position due to limitation of force sensor space [8]; and observer-based sensor-less robust force control method [9]. Despite the number of studies, improving energy saving using efficient control methods remains to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Efficient Operation for Electromechanical Brake Using Maximum Torque per Ampere Control

Baek

Park

et al. 2019

Energies

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This paper deals with efficient operation method for the electromechanical brake (EMB). A three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is applied to the EMB operation. A current controller, speed controller, and position controller based on proportional-integral (PI) control are used to drive the IPMSM. Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control is applied to the current controller to perform efficient control. For MTPA control, the angle β is calculated from total input current, and the synchronous frame d–q axis current reference is determined by the angle β. The IPMSM is designed and analyzed with finite element analysis (FEA) software and current control is simulated by Matlab/Simulink using a motor model designed by FEA software. The simulation results were verified to compare with experimental results that are input current and clamping force of caliper. In addition, the experimental results showed that the energy consumption is reduced by MTPA.

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Enhanced Electromechanical Brake-by-Wire System Using Sliding Mode Controller

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Review on the Development, Control Method and Application Prospect of Brake-by-Wire Actuator

Clamping force control of electro–mechanical brakes based on driver intentions

Evaluation of Efficient Operation for Electromechanical Brake Using Maximum Torque per Ampere Control

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