Enhanced fear acquisition in individuals with evening chronotype. A virtual reality fear conditioning/extinction study

Lucifora, Chiara; Grasso, G.; Nitsche, Michael A.; d'Italia, Giovanni; Sortino, M; Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali; Falzone, Alessandra; Avenanti, Alessio; Vicario, Carmelo M.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.033

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Similarly, with specific regard to alexithymia, recent studies highlighted a pathogenetic correlation with specific inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 exists [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Finally, it should be mentioned the literature reporting the negative influence of chronotype on depressive symptoms [ 68 ], which also significantly predicts the risk to develop anxiety disorders [ 69 ] and inflammatory diseases, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome [ 70 ]. All these studies have associated late chronotype with a higher risk for the above-mentioned clinical conditions.…”

Section: Correlation Between Depression and Other Psychopathological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopathological Distress

et al. 2022

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Inflammaging is a low degree of chronic and systemic tissue inflammation associated with aging, and is intimately linked to pro-inflammatory mediators. These substances are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and related psychopathological symptoms. When inflammation and aging affect the brain, we use the term neuro-inflammaging. In this review, we focused on the neuro-inflammatory process typical of advanced ages and the related psychopathological symptoms, with particular attention to understanding the immune-pathogenetic mechanisms involved and the potential use of immunomodulatory drugs in the control of clinical psychological signs. Inflammation and CNS were demonstrated being intimately linked in the neuro-inflammatory loop. IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, COX and PGE are only partially responsible. BBB permeability and the consequent oxidative stress resulting from tissue damage make the rest. Some authors elaborated the “theory of cytokine-induced depression”. Inflammation has a crucial role in the onset symptoms of psychopathological diseases as it is capable of altering the metabolism of biogenic monoamines involved in their pathogenesis. In recent years, NSAIDs as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of relevant psychopathological disorders associated with chronic inflammatory conditions demonstrated their efficacy. Additionally, novel molecules have been studied, such as adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept showing antidepressant and anxiolytic promising results. However, we are only at the beginning of a new era characterized by the use of biological drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and this paper aims to stimulate future studies in such a direction.

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Section: Correlation Between Depression and Other Psychopathological ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopathological Distress

et al. 2022

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“…Following repeated presentations of the NS followed by the US, the NS acquires the capacity to elicit a conditioned fear response, becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS+), and the association between the CS and US is automatically strengthened. In humans, the regulation of emotional responses to potential threats is critical for mental health, and deficits in emotion regulation may lead to trauma-related diseases, such as anxiety and mood disorders [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacological Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate, Noradrenaline and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Fear Extinction Learning: Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity

Battaglia

Fazio

Vicario

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms of fear learning. In this review, we address the role of specific neuropharmacological adjuvants that act on neurochemical synaptic transmission, as well as on brain plasticity processes implicated in fear memory. We focus on novel neuropharmacological manipulations targeting glutamatergic, noradrenergic, and endocannabinoid systems, and address how the modulation of these neurobiological systems affects fear extinction learning in humans. We show that the administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonists and modulation of the endocannabinoid system by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition can boost extinction learning through the stabilization and regulation of the receptor concentration. On the other hand, elevated noradrenaline levels dynamically modulate fear learning, hindering long-term extinction processes. These pharmacological interventions could provide novel targeted treatments and prevention strategies for fear-based and anxiety-related disorders.

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“…Exposure in vivo might often be difficult to establish, mainly due to practical reasons such as high costs (e.g., travelling to other countries). Also, it might be dangerous to return to the original surroundings of the traumatic event (e. g., in case of a warzone) Using VRET to extinct fearful stimuli can overcome these issues since it uses computer-generated environments to simulate feared stimuli (e.g., 19 ). In these virtual environments, users can be systematically exposed to specific stimuli within a contextually relevant setting, for example a warzone or airplane for soldiers with war-related PTSD ( 20 , 21 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has led to applications for the treatment of anxiety disorders (e.g. 19 ), resulting in several studies describing positive treatment outcomes for several disorders ( 26 ), including PTSD (e.g., 27 – 30 , 20 ). In a systematic review, researchers included ten studies that used VRET to conduct exposure in CBT treatment for PTSD and found that VRET is a potentially promising treatment option ( 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial to pilot the efficacy of a computer-based intervention with elements of virtual reality and limited therapist assistance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

Meggelen

Morina²,

Heiden³

et al. 2022

Front. Digit. Health

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Although well-established therapies exist for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), barriers to seek mental health care are high. Technology-based interventions may play a role in improving the reach of efforts to treat, especially when therapist availability is low. The goal of the current randomized controlled trial was to pilot the efficacy of a computer-based trauma intervention with elements of virtual reality (VR; 3MR system) and limited therapist involvement for the treatment of PTSD in a childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and war veteran sample and to compare this to “treatment as usual” (TAU). TAU consisted of evidence-based approaches such as imaginal exposure, EMDR, or narrative exposure therapy. A total of 44 patients with PTSD were included and randomly assigned to 12 sessions of 3MR intervention or TAU (completer n 3MR = 12, TAU = 18). Several measures (PCL-5, BDI-II, OQ-45-2, and the M.I.N.I. 5.0.0.) were administered to measure symptoms of PTSD and depression and scores of overall well-being at pre, post, and a three-month follow-up measurement. Analyses suggest that symptoms of PTSD and depression in the 3MR condition decreased, and overall well-being increased between pre and post measurements. Results did not indicate any clear differences between the treatment conditions over time which suggests that treatment gains of the 3MR intervention seem no less than those of TAU. Finally, both treatment conditions produced similar remission rates of PTSD and depression. Therefore, the 3MR intervention could possibly constitute an appropriate treatment alternative. The small sample size as well as evident drop-out rates in the 3MR condition (45%) do warrant further research. The procedures of this study were approved by the Medical Ethical Research Committee (MERC) of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam (MEC-NL46279.078.13) and pre-registered via ClinicalTrials.gov (Protocol Record CI1-12-S028-1).

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Enhanced fear acquisition in individuals with evening chronotype. A virtual reality fear conditioning/extinction study

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopathological Distress

Neuro-Inflammaging and Psychopathological Distress

Neuropharmacological Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate, Noradrenaline and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Fear Extinction Learning: Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity

A randomized controlled trial to pilot the efficacy of a computer-based intervention with elements of virtual reality and limited therapist assistance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

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