Enhanced heavy metal immobilization in soil by grinding with addition of nanometallic Ca/CaO dispersion mixture

Immobilization and volume reduction of heavy metals in municipal solid waste fly ash using nano-size calcium and iron-dispersed reagent

“…To ascertain the resistance to acid/alkaline penetration, the solidified soil specimen sample solutions were adjusted to pH 3/pH 12 using concentrated HCl/NaOH during the elution (JLT-13) test. Similar heavy metal immobilization efficiency was observed with soils including 5% and 10% moisture and at different pH (i.e., pH 3 and pH 12) conditions (Mallampati et al, 2012b).…”

Dynamic immobilization of simulated radionuclide 133 Cs in soil by thermal treatment/vitrification with nanometallic Ca/CaO composites

“…These conditions for nanometallic Ca/CaO preparation (i.e., Ca/CaO composition, balls to powder ratio and rotation-to-revolution ratio) were established after performing several experiments to ascertain the optimal conditions. The maximum particle size distribution was observed as 263 nm (Mallampati et al, 2012a).…”

“…This mixture was found to be more suitable for trapping heavy metals in soil with an efficiency of more than 99% (Mallampati et al, 2012a). The same Ca/CaO mixtures proved to be effective in retaining 133 Cs after a ball-milling process (Mallampati et al, 2012b).…”

Investigate the influence of halloysite and activated carbon mixtures in phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soil with Lolium perenne L.

“…In a study on reducing the effects of tri-and hexavalent chromium on plant biomass and development, zeolite and especially calcium oxide (CaO) proved to be the most effective minerals amendments, particularly for oat and spring barley Radziemska 2010, 2013a). Mallampati et al (2012) investigated the use of a nanometallic Ca/CaO dispersion mixture for the immobilization of lead-contaminated soil. The authors' results suggest this to be a suitable treatment for the gentle immobilization of polluted soil with lead.…”