Enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell functions on cathodic arc plasma-treated titanium

Abstract

Surface modification of titanium for use in orthopedics has been explored for years; however, an ideal method of integrating titanium with native bone is still required to this day. Since human bone cells directly interact with nanostructured extracellular matrices, one of the most promising methods of improving titanium’s osseointegration involves inducing bio-mimetic nanotopography to enhance cell–implant interaction. In this regard, we explored an approach to functionalize the surface of titanium by depositing a thin film of textured titanium nanoparticles via a cathodic arc discharge plasma. The aim is to improve human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and differentiation and to reduce deleterious effects of more complex surface modification methods. Surface functionalization was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle testing, and specific protein adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy examination demonstrate the deposition of titanium nanoparticles and the surface roughness change after coating. The specific fibronectin adsorption was enhanced on the modified titanium surface that associates with the improved hydrophilicity. MSC adhesion and proliferation were significantly promoted on the nanocoated surface. More importantly, compared to bare titanium, greater production of total protein, deposition of calcium mineral, and synthesis of alkaline phosphatase were observed from MSCs on nanocoated titanium after 21 days. The method described herein presents a promising alternative method for inducing more cell favorable nanosurface for improved orthopedic applications.

[Retracted] The Anatase Phase of Nanotopography Titania with Higher Roughness Has Better Biocompatibility in Osteoblast Cell Morphology and Proliferation

“…The wide application of titanium (Ti) and its alloys as implants in oral implantology is due to such advantages as light mass, high specific strength, resistance to corrosion, low modulus of elasticity, and biocompatibility [ 1 ]. Although the success rate of titanium implants is high, 5%-10% of these implants still fails [ 2 , 3 ], mostly because of failed biocompatibility of the implants [ 4 , 5 ], which are influenced by surface properties of the implant [ 6 – 9 ]. It was reported that surface energy and wettability were two key factors that stimulated osteoblast response leading to osseointegration between bone and implant [ 10 ].…”

Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: Interactions of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells of Nano Devices Applied to Dental Practice

“…Zhu tried to improve human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell attachments and differentiation on implant treated surface. This treatment, called, plasma treatment, can be an ideal method of integrating titanium with native bone for orthopedic applications [23]. The nanostructured magnesium had effect on osteoblast function on a Weng 2013 study.…”

Nanosized Alumina Particle and Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Prevented inflammation and Osteolysis Induced by Titanium Particle via Autophagy and NF-κB Signaling

“…The poor early stability and insufficient stress conduction cannot afford a stabilized bonding between implants and the peripheral bone. Mechanical instability of the bone-implant interface will generate wear particles from any part of the implant 18,19 . Aluminum is one of biomaterials and wildly used for diagnostic, therapeutic material, and replacement for bone defect.…”