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Hydrocolloids were the first elastic materials to be used in the dental field. Elastic impression materials include reversible (agar-agar), irreversible (alginate) hydrocolloids and synthetic elastomers (polysulfides, polyethers, silicones). They reproduce an imprint faithfully, providing details of a high definition despite the presence of undercuts. With the removal of the impression, being particularly rich in water, the imprints can deform but later adapt to the original shape due to the elastic properties they possess. The advantages of using alginate include the low cost, a better tolerability on the part of the patient, the ease of manipulation, the short time needed for execution, the instrumentation and the very simple execution technique and possibility of detecting a detailed impression (even in the presence of undercuts) in a single step. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed database. Authors conducted a search of articles in written in English published from 2008 to 2018. All the relevant studies were included in the search with respect to the characteristics and evolution of new marine derived materials. Much progress has been made in the search for new marine derived materials. Conventional impression materials are different, and especially with the advent of digital technology, they have been suffering from a decline in research attention over the last few years. However, this type of impression material, alginates (derived from marine algae), have the advantage of being among the most used in the dental medical field.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively common skeletal tumor. Mandibular localization of this tumor is usually treated with resection of the tumor area. Several autogenous bone-grafting techniques are available for the restoration of large continuity defects of the mandible. However, these procedures are associated with limitations involving postoperative morbidity, difficulty in ambulation (hip graft), and pain. The development of a technique of surgical reconstruction not involving autogenous bone would offer new opportunities for facial bone reconstruction, particularly of the mandible. This study aims to underline the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP-2) in a collagen carrier with concomitant bone grafting material in the restoration of continuity critical-size defects after GCT resection in the mandible. The rhBMP-2 was used with absorbable collagen sponge. A total dose of 4 to 8 mg of rhBMP-2 was delivered to the surgical site in concentrations of 1.5 mg/mL. The patient was followed up over a period from 6 to 18 months. Occlusal function was initially restored with conventional prosthesis. Bone formation in the surgical area could be palpated at the end of 3 to 4 months and identified radiographically at the end of 5 to 6 months. The results clearly indicated that the use of rhBMP-2 without concomitant bone grafting materials in large critical-size mandibular defects secondary to GCT produced excellent regeneration of the area, establishing the basis for the return of prosthodontic function.

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