“…This limitation can be surpassed by synthesizing new form of efficient photocatalysts or immobilizing TiO 2 catalysts onto conductors that enables the application of electrochemical techniques. Moreover, a photoeletrocatalytic (PEC) system with an external potential bias can provide a superior solution by suppressing the charge recombination [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, compared to the powder forms of TiO 2 , TiO 2 nanotubes can transfer electron more effectively due to their special cannular structure [22,[25][26][27], and subsequently the bactericidal efficiencies in a PEC system can be remarkably enhanced [17,22,23,27].…”