Enhanced near infrared optical access to the brain with a transparent cranial implant and scalp optical clearing

Cano‐Velázquez, Mildred S.; Davoodzadeh, Nami; Halaney, David L.; Jonak, Carrie R.; Binder, Devin K.; Hernández‐Cordero, Juan; Aguilar, Guillermo

doi:10.1364/boe.10.003369

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Instead, scalp overlying the implant would be rendered temporarily transparent through topical application of optical clearing agents (OCAs). We have demonstrated this strategy with the WttB implant previously, using ex vivo skin samples (Cano-Velázquez et al, 2019 ). While the implant could be attached directly to the skull, an alternative possibility would be to integrate this window into existing cranial implants (e.g., PEEK, PEKK, or Ti plates) as a viewing port.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously introduced a potential solution (Castillo-Vega et al, 2012 ; Damestani et al, 2013 , 2016a , b ; Gutierrez et al, 2017 ; Davoodzadeh et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Cano-Velázquez et al, 2019 ) in the form of a transparent ceramic cranial implant called the Window to the Brain (WttB) implant. This implant is made of nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), which possesses the requisite mechanical strength (Davoodzadeh et al, 2019 ) and biocompatibility (Damestani et al, 2016b ) to serve as a permanent optical access window in human patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Halaney

Jonak

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Halaney

Jonak

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Because used membrane is thinner (35 µm vs. 100-200 µm), the viral injection procedure with glass pipettes should be easier [50]. In another study [51], the enhancement in optical access to the brain is evaluated upon comparing ex vivo transmittance measurements of mice native skull and the a transparent Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cranial implant with scalp and OCAs. An increase in transmittance of up to 50% and attenuation lengths of up to 2.4 mm (i.e., a five-fold increase in light penetration) was achieved.…”

Section: Theranostic Cranial Implant For Hyperspectral Light Delivery and Microcirculation Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Laser Radiation Transport through the Head Tissues of Humans and Animals – A Review

Sabeeh

Tuchin

2020

J-BPE

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Modern studies of the penetration of light into biological tissues is becoming very important in various medical applications. This is an important factor for determining the optical dose in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The absorption and scattering properties of the tissue under study determine how deeply the light will penetrate into the tissue. However, these optical properties are highly dependent on the wavelength of the light source and tissue condition. This overview paper analyzes the transmission of light through different areas of human and animal head tissues, and the optimal laser wavelength and power density required to reach different parts of the brain are determined using lasers with different wavelengths by comparing the distribution of fluence, penetration depth and the mechanism of interaction between laser light and head tissues. The power variation in different regions of the head is presented, as estimated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Data are analyzed for the absorption and scattering coefficients of the head tissue layers (scalp, skull, brain), calculated using integrating sphere measurements and inverse problem solving algorithms such as inverse MC (IMC) and adding-doubling (IAD). This study not only offered a quantitative comparison between wavelengths in terms of light transmission efficiency, but also anticipated the exciting opportunity for online, accurate and visible optimization of LLLT lighting parameters.

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“…To our knowledge, current cranial implants available to patients lack optical transparency which could allow for brain optical imaging or therapy without implant removal or additional open skull procedures. We recently introduced a novel optically transparent cranial implant made from a biocompatible ceramic, nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), which we refer to as the “Window to the Brain” (WttB) implant ( Davoodzadeh et al, 2018 , 2019a , b ; Cano-Velázquez et al, 2019 ). We have demonstrated chronic brain imaging across this implant in vivo usingoptical coherence tomography (OCT) ( Halaney et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

Halaney

Katta

Fallah

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Transparent “Window to the Brain” (WttB) cranial implants made from a biocompatible ceramic, nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (nc-YSZ), were recently reported. These reports demonstrated chronic brain imaging across the implants in mice using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser speckle imaging. However, optical properties of these transparent cranial implants are neither completely characterized nor completely understood. In this study, we measure optical properties of the implant using a swept source OCT system with a spectral range of 136 nm centered at 1,300 nm to characterize the group refractive index of the nc-YSZ window, over a narrow range of temperatures at which the implant may be used during imaging or therapy (20–43°C). Group refractive index was found to be 2.1–2.2 for OCT imaging over this temperature range. Chromatic dispersion for this spectral range was observed to vary over the sample, sometimes flipping signs between normal and anomalous dispersion. These properties of nc-YSZ should be considered when designing optical systems and procedures that propagate light through the window, and when interpreting OCT brain images acquired across the window.

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Enhanced near infrared optical access to the brain with a transparent cranial implant and scalp optical clearing

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Chronic Brain Imaging Across a Transparent Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia Cranial Implant

Recent Advances in the Laser Radiation Transport through the Head Tissues of Humans and Animals – A Review

Group Refractive Index of Nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Transparent Cranial Implants

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