Enhanced Optical Sensitivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrospun Nanofiber Coated Etched Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Detection of Myoglobin a Cardiac Biomarker

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can be diagnosed in the early stages through primary health care screening of cardiac biomarkers such as myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), troponin I, and T. Existing CVD diagnostic methods generally rely on expensive classical assays such as immunoproteins-based enzymelinked immunosorbent assay or paperbased lateral flow assays based on centralized laboratories with test results available only after several hours. The assays are also focussed on the diagnosis and postdisease management with the dynamic ranges optimized around the higher concentration ranges, rendering these detection routes useless in the early phase disease screening. Real-time, economically viable, pointof-care test kits at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) for cardiac biomarkers will help screen in remote locations and developing countries to reduce myocardial infarction (MI) risks. Many research groups working toward this goal have developed sensors/techniques based on strain using cantilevers [1] ; electrochemical (conductance/resistance) [2,3] ; optical methods including fluorescence, [4] colorimetric, [5] UV-Vis, [6] and photonic crystals. [7] Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also finding applications with enhanced performance. [8,9] Another technique gaining popularity is polymer nanofibers embedded with nanomaterials adopted in electrochemical and

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