“…[9] To improve the active layer light harvesting capability, many researches exploring small band gap materials or combining different organic materials with complementary absorption spectra in one device have been carried out. [10][11][12][13][14] Various methods, such as solvent annealing, [15] additives, [16][17][18][19] thermal annealing, [20] and electrode modification, [21,22] have been empolyed to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Buffer layers or ultrathin films, including PE-DOT:PSS, LiF, MoO 3 , WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , CsCO 3 , and TiO 2 , have been used to modify the electrodes to improve the device performance.…”