Enhanced performance of 3D printed graphene electrodes after electrochemical pre-treatment: Role of exposed graphene sheets

Santos, Pãmyla L. dos; Katic, Vera; Loureiro, Hugo Campos; Santos, Matheus F. dos; Santos, Diego P. dos; Formiga, André Luiz Barboza; Bonacin, Juliano Alves

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.013

Cited by 122 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…According to Figure (A), the Gr/AME exhibited a relatively rough surface, which is consistent with previously reported additive manufactured electrodes . The electrochemical pre‐treatment causes removal of PLA from the surface, exposing the electroactive sites of graphene.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the first step, a high anodic potential (+1.8 V) was applied for 15 minutes to create oxygen functionalities and exfoliated the graphene sheets, which are compacted in the polymeric matrix. In the second step, cyclic voltammetry was performed in cathodic direction to partially reduced the oxidized graphene structure and improve the electron transfer kinetics . After the pre‐treatment, insulating PLA layer can be removed from the surface of the electrode, exposing the graphene sheets and, consequently, decreasing the charge transfer resistance (see Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2019

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We demonstrate that polylactic acid (PLA)/graphene additive manufactured (3D‐printed) electrodes (Gr/AMEs) electrodeposited with Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide can efficiently catalyse the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling combined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) deduced the composition and depth of the Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide layer. The composition of the resulting electrocatalytic surfaces are tailored through altering the concentrations of nickel and iron within the electrodeposited solutions, which give rise to optimised AMEs OER performance (within 0.1 M KOH). The optimal OER performance was observed from a Ni−Fe (oxy)hydroxide with a 10 % content of Fe, which displayed an OER onset potential and overpotential of+1.47 V (vs. RHE) and 519 mV, respectively. These values arecomparable to that of polycrystalline Iridium (+ 1.43 V (vs. RHE) and ca. 413 mV), as well as being significantly less electropositive than a bare/unmodified AME. This work is essential for those designing, fabricating and modulating additive manufactured electrodes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2019

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“…A number of approaches have been employed for improving the sensitivity and detection limits of 3D printed composite electrodes. These include electrochemical pretreatments, [40] [55] mechanical polishing, [47] chemical activation, [43] and modification with nanoparticles or films. [39] Of particular interest for the application here is the use of thin films -particularly bismuth -that form alloys with heavy metals and improve the response of sensors towards heavy metals in ASV.…”

Section: Asv On Bi-modified Graphene/plamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another advantage of FDM is that devices incorporating fluid handling and sensing elements can be fabricated in a single step using multi-material printing. [37][38][39] FDM printed electrochemical sensors employing graphene/PLA have been used to detect neurotransmitters, [40] [41] pharmaceuticals, [42] explosives, [43] and heavy metals. [44][45][46][47] In spite of a significant amount of attention, 3D printed sensors for quantifying heavy metals have are not able to quantify metals at the required concentration limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) Using 3D Printed graphene/PLA Composite Electrodes

Walters¹,

Ahmed²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2019

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Here we investigate the use of 3D printed graphene/PLA electrodes for quantifying trace amounts of Hg, Pb, and Cd. We prepared cylindrical electrodes by sealing a 600 µm diameter graphene/PLA filament in a pipette tip filled with epoxy. We characterized the electrodes using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry in ferrocene methanol. The physical characterization showed a significant amount of disorder in the carbon structure and the electrochemical characterization showed quasi-reversible behavior without any electrode pretreatment. We then used unmodified graphene/PLA electrode to quantify Hg, and Pb and Cd in 0.01 M HCl and 0.1 M acetate buffer using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. We were able to quantify Hg with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.1 nM (1.2 ppb), but Pb and Cd did not present measurable peaks at concentrations below ~400 nM. We improved the LODs for Pb and Cd by depositing Bi microparticles on the graphene/PLA and, after optimization, achieved clear stripping peaks at the 20 nM level for both ions (4.1 and 2.2 ppb for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively). The results obtained for all three metals allowed quantification below the EPA action limits in drinking water.

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“…7 O método FDM (acrônimo em inglês para "fused deposited modeling") é o método de impressão 3D por extrusão amplamente encontrado nos equipamentos disponíveis no mercado. [10][11][12][13] Neste, o filamento de um ou mais termoplásticos (tais como o poliácido lático -PLA e o poli acrilonitrilabutadieno estireno -ABS) é aquecido através de um bico metálico até um estado semifundido e então extrudado sobre uma superfície mais fria com o intuito de formar as camadas do objeto que se quer imprimir. 9,14,15 Com preços acessíveis da ordem dos R$ 3.000,00, facilidade de operação e as possibilidades virtualmente ilimitadas de desenvolvimento de materiais customizáveis para atender as mais variadas necessidades, as impressoras 3D baseadas no método FDM têm sido a escolha preferencial de pesquisadores de diversas áreas, em especial nas relacionadas à eletroquímica.…”

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Construção De Equipamento De Baixo Custo Para Enrolar Filamentos De Impressoras 3d

et al. 2020

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publicado na web em 12/03/2020 CONSTRUCTION OF A LOW-COST FILAMENT WINDER FOR 3D PRINTERS. The increase in demand for both fast and inexpensive prototyping of objects, with a certain degree of resilience and durability, is the main reason why 3D printing has become part of the concept of industry 4.0 and it is omnipresent in research facilities and industries around the world. In this work, we describe step-by-step the construction process of a filament winder that can be adapted for many commercially available bench-size polymer extruders. The electronic circuit used to regulate the winding rate, and therefore the thickness of the filament, is completely based on simple open-code microcontrollers such as Arduino Uno. Finally, it is showed that using this system it is possible to obtain printable ABS filaments with a wide range of thicknesses and a margin of error of around 5%. Keywords: 3D printer; lab-made filament spooler; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). INTRODUÇÃOA indústria e o meio acadêmico estão passando por uma mudança de paradigmas em um ritmo não visto desde a metade do século XX. Trata-se da chamada indústria 4.0 (nomeada assim em analogia às numerações dadas para novas versões de produtos eletrônicos), ou à quarta revolução industrial, que se baseia em cinco pontos centrais: curtos períodos de desenvolvimento de um produto (ideias e conceitos entram nesta definição), demanda individualizada, flexibilidade no processo de desenvolvimento, descentralização e uso eficiente dos recursos. [1][2][3] Dentre as estratégias utilizadas para produção de objetos tridimensionais podem ser destacadas a manufatura subtrativa e a aditiva. Os chamados métodos de manufatura subtrativos se propõem a esculpir objetos através da remoção de porções de um bloco da matéria prima de interesse (madeira, polímero ou metal, por exemplo) através de processos de retificação, torneamento ou (eletro)corrosão. Tais métodos, entretanto, têm se mostrado incapazes de atender às necessidades atuais e produzem uma grande quantidade de resíduos. Para atender essa nova demanda, os métodos aditivos têm crescido de maneira constante e vêm se consolidando dentro da indústria de transformação. Nesse caso, peças poliméricas podem ser injetadas em moldes ou objetos metálicos podem ser obtidos através de processos de conformação mecânica. [4][5][6] Dentre os métodos aditivos, a impressão 3D é sem dúvidas o mais versátil e amplamente difundido dentro do conceito de indústria 4.0. Ela opera convertendo um modelo virtual de um objeto tridimensional através de uma coleção de cortes transversais 2D do mesmo. 7,8 As camadas bidimensionais são então impressas uma a uma e empilhadas de forma a gerar o objeto real. 9 A depender do material utilizado e do mecanismo de operação em que se baseia tal técnica pode ser classificada em um de quatro grandes grupos, são eles: foto-polimerização de resina, impressão de metal através de fusão de partículas, laminação e extrusão polimérica (mais difundida atualmente). 7 O método FDM (acrônimo em inglês para "fu...

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Enhanced performance of 3D printed graphene electrodes after electrochemical pre-treatment: Role of exposed graphene sheets

Cited by 122 publications

References 48 publications

Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Trace Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) Using 3D Printed graphene/PLA Composite Electrodes

Construção De Equipamento De Baixo Custo Para Enrolar Filamentos De Impressoras 3d

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