Enhanced performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells with a Li+-doped SnO2 electron transport layer and Al2O3 scaffold layer

Optimization of SnO2 electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis

“…Many approaches have been proposed in this regard: (i) a bilayer ETL structure composed of two metal oxide films; [31][32][33][34][35] (ii) doping of the ETL; 5,18,19,36-40 (iii) an interfacial modification at the ETL/ perovskite interface; 30,32,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] or (iv) doping the perovskite bulk. [53][54][55][56] Lithium (Li) has been introduced as promising dopant 5,36,[57][58][59][60][61] for improving the ETL/perovskite interface among others. [37][38][39][40] In case of mesoporous TiO 2 , it has been shown that a post-treatment with Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) as the Li source can improve the electronic properties of TiO 2 , resulting in an enhanced electron mobility and a reduced electron trap density in TiO 2 .…”

Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Eva Interface Engineering

“…In the OCVD test, PSCs are irradiated first; after establishing a stable open-circuit voltage, the PSCs are shielded from light and the decay of opencircuit voltage is recorded as a function of time. As shown in Figure 6b, the E-SnO 2 ETL-based device shows a smaller Voc decay rate, indicating a faster transfer rate of electrons in the device, [23] and thus, the device has a lower charge complexation rate and lower Voc decay time. [24] The electron lifetime is calculated using the following equation, and the result is shown in Figure 6c:…”

“…In the OCVD test, PSCs are irradiated first; after establishing a stable open‐circuit voltage, the PSCs are shielded from light and the decay of open‐circuit voltage is recorded as a function of time. As shown in Figure 6b, the E‐SnO 2 ETL‐based device shows a smaller V oc decay rate, indicating a faster transfer rate of electrons in the device, [ 23 ] and thus, the device has a lower charge complexation rate and lower V oc decay time. [ 24 ] The electron lifetime is calculated using the following equation, and the result is shown in Figure 6c: whereτ n is the electron lifetime, k B is the Boltzman constant, T is thermodynamic temperature, e is the fundamental charge, and d V oc/ dt is the derivative of the open‐circuit voltage with respect to time.…”

Advances in SnO2-based perovskite solar cells: from preparation to photovoltaic applications

“…226 Some other elements also showed similar positive results. 209,214,223,231 Fang and co-workers designed a Zr/F co-doped SnO 2 ETL due to its low conduction band position and limited intrinsic carriers; they found that the doping of Zr can increase the CB of SnO 2 for higher V oc , which decreased the energy traps in electron extraction and restrained the interface recombination between the ETL and the perovskite (Fig. 8d).…”