Enhanced performance of p-i-n perovskite solar cell via defect passivation of nickel oxide/perovskite interface with self-assembled monolayer

Mann, Dilpreet Singh; Patil, Pramila; Kwon, Sung‐Nam; Na, Seok‐In

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149973

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…NiO X has demonstrated its capabilities as a high‐performance HTL material in inverted PSCs, notably achieving over 86% FF in a recent report from Cao et al [ 27 ] However, NiO X PSCs consistently report lower open‐circuit voltages, compared with n–i–p PSCs fabricated with spiro‐OMeTAD HTLs. For example, despite the remarkable FF described by Cao et al, [ 27 ] the PCE is only 22.1% because of a relatively low V oc of 1.12 V. Lee et al [ 28 ] presented a low‐temperature‐processable NiO X as a HTL for the PSC with the V oc of 1.08 V. Also, in the work presented by Mann et al [ 29 ] the V OC of PSC with the surface‐modified NiO X did not exceed 1.11 V. In addition, despite the successful performance of Cu‐doped NiO X as the HTL layer compared with the undoped NiO X in enhancing the FF and J SC in an inverted PSC, the V oc could not go beyond 1.12 V. [ 30 ] In the triple‐cation PSC, Jin et al [ 31 ] applied NiO X as a HTL and reported 1.12 V V OC , while Yang et al [ 32 ] reported the V OC of 1.21 V using spiro‐OMeTAD as HTL. Recently, a record V OC of 1.16 V with 19.53% efficiency has been reported for an inverted PSC with NiO X HTL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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A key limitation in perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance is suboptimal electronic properties at the perovskite–transport layer (TL) interfaces, which result in parasitic nonradiative recombination. Interface recombination depends on the concentration of recombination‐active defects, but as a recombination event requires both an electron and a hole, the magnitude and sign of charge accumulation at the perovskite–TL heterojunctions are also critical. Here, we employ a well‐established numerical ion‐electron drift‐diffusion model of PSCs to illustrate how the work function of the transport layer is an important factor in determining the total recombination activity at the perovskite interfaces. We show that the equilibrium electrostatics of the perovskite–TL heterojunctions, which are determined by the work function difference between the two materials, can result in increased recombination rates for any given concentration of interface defects. As a case study, we compare PSCs incorporating a NiOX hole transport layer with those with a spiro‐OMeTAD. We show that the work function of NiOX can induce greater electron accumulation at the perovskite–NiOX interface, which leads to increased interface recombination. Finally, a higher ion concentration is found to be beneficial to overall device performance by displacing accumulated electrons or holes at the TL interfaces and thus reducing recombination rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“… 29 − 31 This motivates research to improve the NiO/perovskite interface, for example by using SAMs for surface passivation. 32 − 36 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Phung

Verheijen

Todinova

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

127

118

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Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent electronic properties. Recent advancements in device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been achieved with the application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), serving as stand-alone hole transport layers in the p-i-n architecture. Specifically, phosphonic acid SAMs, directly functionalizing indium–tin oxide (ITO), are presently adopted for highly efficient devices. Despite their successes, so far, little is known about the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO used in PSCs application, which can affect the device performance, as non-covered areas can result in shunting or low open-circuit voltage. In this study, we investigate the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO and observe that the SAM of MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) inhomogeneously covers the ITO substrate. Instead, when adopting an intermediate layer of NiO between ITO and the SAM, the homogeneity, and hence the surface coverage of the SAM, improve. In this work, NiO is processed by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ni(MeCp) 2 as the precursor and O 2 plasma as the co-reactant. Specifically, the presence of ALD NiO leads to a homogeneous distribution of SAM molecules on the metal oxide area, accompanied by a high shunt resistance in the devices with respect to those with SAM directly processed on ITO. At the same time, the SAM is key to the improvement of the open-circuit voltage of NiO + MeO-2PACz devices compared to those with NiO alone. Thus, the combination of NiO and SAM results in a narrower distribution of device performance reaching a more than 20% efficient champion device. The enhancement of SAM coverage in the presence of NiO is corroborated by several characterization techniques including advanced imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental composition quantification by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mapping. We believe this finding will further promote the usage of phosphonic acid based SAM molecules in perovskite PV.

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“…† Compared with pristine NiO x , the N 1s peak around 400 eV in the NiO x + glycine sample can be clearly observed, which belonging to the –NH 2 group. 31 Fig. 1c and d shows XPS spectra of Ni 2p 3/2 core level for the pristine NiO x film and the NiO x + glycine film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carboxyl group can be anchored with the exposed hydroxy group on the NiO x surface, 28 and carboxyl group is a typical electron withdrawing group 29 can increasing the work function of NiO x . It's noteworthy that although various organic molecules [30][31][32][33] have been used to modify NiO x HTL in PSCs, there have been very few attempts to use amphoteric molecules in all-vacuum deposited PSCs. By optimizing the chemisorption time, we fabricated planar PSCs with NiO x /glycine/perovskite/ETL/Ag inverted structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells with glycine modified NiO_xhole-transport layers

Cheng

Zhao

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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Enhanced performance of p-i-n perovskite solar cell via defect passivation of nickel oxide/perovskite interface with self-assembled monolayer

Cited by 48 publications

References 69 publications

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

All-vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells with glycine modified NiO_xhole-transport layers

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Enhanced performance of p-i-n perovskite solar cell via defect passivation of nickel oxide/perovskite interface with self-assembled monolayer

Cited by 48 publications

References 69 publications

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

Unraveling the Role of Energy Band Alignment and Mobile Ions on Interfacial Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

All-vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells with glycine modified NiOxhole-transport layers

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All-vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells with glycine modified NiO_xhole-transport layers