Novel SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) heterostructured nanowires were produced via a thermal evaporation method, and their possible nucleation/growth mechanism is proposed. We found that the electronic conductivity of the individual SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) nanowires was 2 orders of magnitude better than that of the pure SnO(2) nanowires, due to the formation of Sn-doped In(2)O(3) caused by the incorporation of Sn into the In(2)O(3) lattice during the nucleation and growth of the In(2)O(3) shell nanostructures. This provides the SnO(2)-In(2)O(3) nanowires with an outstanding lithium storage capacity, making them suitable for promising Li ion battery electrodes.

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In this work, we attempt to improve the quality of the perovskite film using a functional additive in the perovskite antisolvent, which is known as antisolvent additive engineering (AAE). An AAE additive, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), that includes −OH and CO functional groups is introduced into the antisolvent. Its effect on the perovskite film and devices is then systematically studied. Comprehensive analyses including cell performance, carrier transport dynamics, and perovskite surface and morphology measurements were performed to prove that this HEA-based AAE leads to better perovskite films with a larger grain size and fewer perovskite defects and also to prove that this AAE approach is a promising way to obtain high-quality perovskite and corresponding high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. As a result, this facile AAE with HEA obtained a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.46% and showed better stability, maintaining over 61% of its initial PCE after 96 days under ambient air conditions.

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