Enhanced performance of planar perovskite solar cells using low-temperature processed Ga-doped TiO 2 compact film as efficient electron-transport layer

Solvent‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Crystallization of SnO2 Electron‐Transfer Layer for High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The conductive atomic force microscopy (CFM) was also performed on the SnO 2 films. As shown in Figure d–f, the average currents are counted to be 732 pA, 6 nA, and 12 nA for E‐SnO 2 , B‐SnO 2 , and WB‐SnO 2 ETLs, respectively, which shows that the conductivity of WB‐SnO 2 is the best …”

Kinetic and material properties of interfaces governing slow response and long timescale phenomena in perovskite solar cells

“…The overall effect has been to improve the extraction properties of the contact and reduce recombination pathways. For example, TiO 2 has been doped with a wide variety of ions such as Li, 115 Ru, 116 Fe, 117 Co, 118 Y, 119 Cd, 120 La, 121 Sm, 122 Nb, 123 Er, 124 Ta, 125 Pt, 126 Zn, 127 Ga, 128 , In, 129 or Sn 130 . Doping TiO 2 with alkaline cation such as lithium has been reported to improve its electronic properties such as reduced trap density, thus enhancing the dynamics of interfacial charge transfer.…”

Gallium Cationic Incorporated Compact TiO2 as an Efficient Electron-Transporting Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Liu et al implemented Ga in compact TiO 2 by a low-temperature process and used it for planar n-i-p PSCs to reduce the trap states in TiO 2 ETL film with 16.51% efficiency. 17 Umar et al demonstrated that nano-diatom-like Ga-TiO 2 can be used as an efficient ETL for planar n-i-p PSCs with 6.58% efficiency. 18 Although both studies suggested that Ga doping in TiO 2 ETL for PSCs may help to improve the charge transport by reducing surface traps, there are currently no reports of Ga:TiO 2 ETL being used to improve state-of-the-art mesoscopic PSCs.…”