Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI
            <sub>3</sub>

Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Zhu, Menghua; Mao, Lingling; Spanopoulos, Ioannis; Liu, Jian; Kontsevoi, Oleg Y.; Chen, Michelle; Sarma, Debajit; Zhang, Yongbo; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701293

Cited by 366 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A bulk recombination process includes both bimolecular recombination and trap-assisted recombination (Shockley-Reed-Hall recombination). [15,19,40,53] In our case, the use of DMF/DMSO solvent and HI additive in the precursor is critical for fabrication of high-performance 3AMP-based perovskite solar cells. A trap-free electron and hole transport and bimolecular recombination should have a slope of δV oc = kT/q.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Mao

Stoumpos

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Hybrid halide 2D perovskites deserve special attention because they exhibit superior environmental stability compared with their 3D analogs. The closer interlayer distance discovered in 2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) type of halide perovskites relative to 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites implies better carrier charge transport and superior performance in solar cells. Here, the structure and properties of 2D DJ perovskites employing 3‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP2+) as the spacing cation and a mixture of methylammonium (MA+) and formamidinium (FA+) cations in the perovskite cages are presented. Using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, it is found that the mixed‐cation (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13 perovskite has a narrower bandgap, less distorted inorganic framework, and larger PbIPb angles than the single‐cation (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13. Furthermore, the (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13 films made by a solvent‐engineering method with a small amount of hydriodic acid have a much better film morphology and crystalline quality and more preferred perpendicular orientation. As a result, the (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13‐based solar cells exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.04% with a high fill factor of 81.04% and a 50% average efficiency improvement compared to the pristine (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13 cells. Most importantly, the 2D DJ 3AMP‐based perovskite films and devices show better air and light stability than the 2D RP butylammonium‐based perovskites and their 3D analogs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Mao

Stoumpos

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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241

216

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“…Firstly, ethylenediammonium(en) cations were incorporated into FASnI 3 ,62 MASnI 3 and CsSnI 3 ,55 and then form so‐called “hollow” {en}ASnI 3 perovskite. For the sake of incorparation of appropriate amount of en cations, the 3D structure of perovskite is retained while perovskite film morphology is significantly improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?

2017

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Many years since the booming of research on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the hybrid perovskite materials developed for photovoltaic application form three main categories since 2009: (i) high‐performance unstable lead‐containing perovskites, (ii) low‐performance lead‐free perovskites, and (iii) moderate performance and stable lead‐containing perovskites. The search for alternative materials to replace lead leads to the second group of perovskite materials. To date, a number of these compounds have been synthesized and applied in photovoltaic devices. Here, lead‐free hybrid light absorbers used in PV devices are focused and their recent developments in related solar cell applications are reviewed comprehensively. In the first part, group 14 metals (Sn and Ge)‐based perovskites are introduced with more emphasis on the optimization of Sn‐based PSCs. Then concerns on halide hybrids of group 15 metals (Bi and Sb) are raised, which are mainly perovskite derivatives. At the same time, transition metal Cu‐based perovskites are also referred. In the end, an outlook is given on the design strategy of lead‐free halide hybrid absorbers for photovoltaic applications. It is believed that this timely review can represent our unique view of the field and shed some light on the direction of development of such promising materials.

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“…[2][3][4][5] Theoretical calculations indicate that the perovskite crystal structure is preserved after metal cation substitution. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ in ambient atmosphere dopes the perovskite layer into high conductivity,r esulting in severe electrical shunting. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Unfortunately,p ower conversion efficiencies (PCEs) obtained from Sn-based PSCs are much lower than that of their Pb counterpart.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[6] As the most promising candidate among Pb-free perovskites,t in halide perovskites show suitable band gaps and advantageous optoelectronic properties. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ in ambient atmosphere dopes the perovskite layer into high conductivity,r esulting in severe electrical shunting. Though aS n-based PSC using MASnI 3 as the absorber was first demonstrated in 2014 with ar eported power conversion efficiencyo ver 5%, [8,9] theh ighest PCE achieved for aS n-based PSC to date is still below 10 %.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation

et al. 2018

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Tw osimple methods to improve tin halide perovskite film structure are introduced, aimed at increasing the power conversion efficiency of lead free perovskite solar cells.F irst, ah ot antisolvent treatment (HAT) was found to increase the film coverage and prevent electrical shunting in the photovoltaic device.Second, it was discoveredthat annealing under alow partial pressure of dimethyl sulfoxide vapor increased the average crystallite size. The topographical and electrical qualities of the perovskite films are substantively improved as aresult of the combined treatments,facilitating the fabrication of tin-based perovskite solar cell devices with power conversion efficiencies of over 7%.Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous attention in the past few years,w ith certified efficiencies reaching 23.3 %. [1] However,t he toxicity of lead (Pb), commonly used in high efficiency PSCs,r emains as erious problem that hampers the wide application of this "magic" material. Replacing Pb 2+ with environmentally friendly cations,s uch as germanium (II) (Ge 2+ ), tin (II) (Sn 2+ ), and bismuth (III) (Bi 3+ ), is therefore an important priority. [2][3][4][5] Theoretical calculations indicate that the perovskite crystal structure is preserved after metal cation substitution. [6] As the most promising candidate among Pb-free perovskites,t in halide perovskites show suitable band gaps and advantageous optoelectronic properties. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Unfortunately,p ower conversion efficiencies (PCEs) obtained from Sn-based PSCs are much lower than that of their Pb counterpart. Though aS n-based PSC using MASnI 3 as the absorber was first demonstrated in 2014 with ar eported power conversion efficiencyo ver 5%, [8,9] theh ighest PCE achieved for aS n-based PSC to date is still below 10 %. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ in ambient atmosphere dopes the perovskite layer into high conductivity,r esulting in severe electrical shunting. [4,9] Similar shorting issues also predominate when the perovskite film is fabricated with uneven thickness or pinholes,acommon occurrence for Sn-based PSCs. [18] Despite the clear need to improve device performance,only alimited number of groups are investigating Snbased PSC at present. Thed ifficulty in fabricating highquality Sn perovskite films is as ignificant impediment. [15][16][17][18][19] In this paper we focus on the development of reliable procedures for fabricating uniform, continuous," pinhole free" Sn perovskite films with large grain size and good electrical properties-desirable traits which can be expected to lead to efficient and reproducible Sn-based PSCs.T echniques to optimize the formation of nucleation sites and control the crystal growth process are introduced. With the first technique,w hich we call "hot antisolvent treatment" (HAT), antisolvent is pre-heated to improve the film coverage during spin coating,e liminating the large pinholes observed when the antisolvent is used at room t...

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Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI ₃

Abstract: High-performance and good-stability hollow Sn-based perovskite solar cells using ethylenediammonium and formamidinium cations.

Cited by 366 publications

References 41 publications

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?

Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation

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Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI 3

Abstract: High-performance and good-stability hollow Sn-based perovskite solar cells using ethylenediammonium and formamidinium cations.

Cited by 366 publications

References 41 publications

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability

Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?

Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation

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Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI ₃