Enhanced production of gibberellin A4 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium

Abstract

Mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi with different colony characteristics, morphology and pigmentation were generated by exposure to UV radiation. A mutant, Mor-189, was selected based on its short filament length, relatively high gibberellin A(4) (GA(4)) and gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) production, as well as its lack of pigmentation. Production of GA(4) by Mor-189 was studied using different inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, carbon sources and by maintaining the pH of the fermentation medium using calcium carbonate. Analysis of GA(4) and GA(3) was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS. The mutants of G. fujikuroi produced more GA(4) when the pH of the medium was maintained above 5. During shake flask studies, the mutant Mor-189 produced 210 mg l(-1) GA(4) in media containing wheat gluten as the nitrogen source and glucose as the carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation in a 14 l agitated fermenter was performed to evaluate the applicability of the mutant Mor-189 for the production of GA(4). In 7-day fed-batch fermentation, 600 mg l(-1) GA(4) were obtained in the culture filtrate. The concentration of GA(4) and GA(3) combined was 713 mg l(-1), of which GA(4) accounted for 84% of the total gibberellin. These values are substantially higher than those published previously. The present study indicated that, along with maintenance of pH and controlled glucose feeding, the use of wheat gluten as the sole nitrogen source considerably enhances GA(4) production by the mutant Mor-189.

Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger Using Submerged Fermentation of Banana Peel

“…It was observed that GA production initiated on the first day of fermentation, which is contrary to reports that GA commences about 46 h after the initiation of fermentation following nitrogen depletion in the medium (Escamilla et al, 2000;Rodrigues et al, 2009;Rios-Iribe et al, 2011). However, Lale and Gadre (2010) also reported GA production at 20 h by a mutant of G. fujikuroi. Maximum GA yields are reported to be between days 4 and 8 of fermentation for F. moniliforme (Kumar and Lonsane, 1990;Meleigy and Khalaf, 2009;Rangaswamy, 2012;Omojasola and Benu, 2016) and day 6 and 12 for A. niger (Bilkay et al, 2010).…”

Development of a Rapid and Efficient Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Gibberellin A4 in Plant Tissue, with Solid Phase Extraction for Purification and Quantification

“…The GA4 peak is below the limit of quantification of the calibration curve; therefore, it could not be determined, may be due to the low concentration of gibberellin A4 and the interfering substances present in the fresh tissue [1] [2] [9]. In order to achieve the concentration of gibberellin and a good peak separation, the sample was subjected to drying in oven.…”

“…The mixture GA4+GA7 has shown good results [1] [11]- [13]. However, in the last few years there has been increased commercial interest in the production and separation of GA4 and GA7 due to their horticultural uses.…”

“…They are involved in the development and regulation of different growth processes throughout the life-cycle of plants; each gibberellin (GA) affects a different part of the plants. To date, 136 GAs have been identified in plants, fungi and bacteria [1] [2] but only a few of them possess biological activity. The most important bioactive gibberellins are GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7 [3].…”

“…Solid phase extraction (SPE) with reverse phase C-18 cartridge is the most commonly used technique for sample pre-concentration and clean up [14]. Many chromatography techniques have been developed for the analysis of gibberellins with instruments, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [1] [15]- [18], LC-MS [19] [20] and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) [ Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a rapid and efficient method for the determination of gibberellin A4 by liquid chromatography, processing the vegetal sample by solid phase extraction for purification and concentration of GA4.…”