Enhanced Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Electrospun Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanofibrous Mats

Abstract

Currently, combining biomaterial scaffolds with living stem cells for tissue regeneration is a main approach for tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for musculoskeletal tissue repair through differentiating into specific tissues, such as bone, muscle, and cartilage. Thus, successfully directing the fate of MSCs through factors and inducers would improve regeneration efficiency. Here, we report the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning technique for the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. GO-PLGA nanofibrous mats with three-dimensional porous structure and smooth surface can be readily produced via an electrospinning technique. GO plays two roles in the nanofibrous mats: first, it enhances the hydrophilic performance, and protein- and inducer-adsorption ability of the nanofibers. Second, the incorporated GO accelerates the human MSCs (hMSCs) adhesion and proliferation versus pure PLGA nanofiber and induces the osteogenic differentiation. The incorporating GO scaffold materials may find applications in tissue engineering and other fields.

Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials

“…264 Fabrication of GO-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofiber scaffolds accelerated the adhesion and proliferation of human MSCs versus pure poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers and induced osteogenic differentiation. 265 Primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells showed significant attachment and survival with amine-reduced GO ( Figure 5). …”

Graphene Oxide/Polymer‐Based Biomaterials

“…0.5-1.5 wt% GO /PVA [39] Hydrogel by freezethawing method N/A 1 wt% GO improved tensile strength and elongation at break 1 wt%GO/PLGA [32] ESM by electrospinning MSC Improves hydrophilicity, protein adsorption ability, adhesion, and proliferation of MSC and osteogenic differentiation 10 wt%GO/collagen [8] 3D porous structure by chemical crosslinking hMSC GO enhanced osteogenic differentiation.…”

“…[29][30][31][32][33] Yoon et al [29] incorporated upto 2 wt% GO in PLGA to produce electrospun fibers. The storage moduli of PLGA and 1 wt% GO-incorporated PLGA were 4.1 and 217.8 MPa, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, an enhancement of cell differentiation into osteoblasts was promoted due to the presence of dexamethasone and the greater protein loading capacity of GO/PLGA than PLGA, which promoted adhesion, proliferation, and ultimately differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. [32] Overall, so far GO/PLGA shows potential for neural, bone, and skeletal tissue regeneration.…”

“…The hydrogels were mainly produced for soft tissue engineering applications including cartilage, muscle, and peripheral nerve tissue regeneration applications. [6][7][8][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Table 1 shows the production route for different GO/polymer scaffolds and the findings of the studies are presented.…”